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A client has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, stage 1. The nurse would expect to help the family plan measures to assist the client with:
- A. Recent memory loss
- B. Catastrophic reactions
- C. Progressive gait disturbances
- D. Perseveration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Recent memory loss. In stage 1 of Alzheimer's disease, the primary symptom is mild memory loss, particularly with recent events and information. The nurse would help the family plan measures to assist the client by implementing strategies to support memory, such as setting reminders, organizing daily routines, and using memory aids. Choice B, catastrophic reactions, is more commonly associated with later stages of the disease. Choice C, progressive gait disturbances, is not a typical symptom of stage 1 Alzheimer's. Choice D, perseveration, involves the repetition of a particular response or behavior and is not a primary concern in stage 1 Alzheimer's disease.
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A physically frail elderly patient with mild cognitive impairments needs services of a facility that can provide supervision and safety as well as recreation and social interaction. The family cares for this patient during the evening and night. Which type of facility should the nurse suggest to meet this patient's needs?
- A. Adult day care program
- B. Skilled nursing facility
- C. Partial hospitalization
- D. Group home
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adult day care program. This option is suitable as it provides supervision, safety, recreation, and social interaction during the day while allowing the family to care for the patient in the evening and night. Adult day care programs offer a structured environment with trained staff to ensure the patient's safety and provide social engagement.
- Option B, Skilled nursing facility, is not the best choice as it usually provides round-the-clock care, which may not be necessary in this case.
- Option C, Partial hospitalization, is more focused on intensive psychiatric treatment and therapy, which may not align with the patient's needs.
- Option D, Group home, is designed for individuals who need 24-hour care and supervision, which exceeds the patient's current requirements.
Police bring a 63-year-old woman to the emergency room, reporting that her behavior is disorganized and disruptive, that her speech makes little sense, and that she does not seem able to take care of herself. The woman has had elective surgeries at the hospital previously and was seen in the ER last week after a fall; records show no history of similar symptoms or mental illness. The ER physician speaks with the patient but does not examine her medically, diagnoses her with schizophrenia, and orders admission to the inpatient psychiatric unit. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Ask another physician with more of an interest in psychiatry to also take a look at this patient, explaining that you just want to be as thorough as possible.
- B. Suggest that a psychiatric consult be requested before admitting the patient to a psychiatric unit, to validate the diagnosis and speed the initiation of medication.
- C. Remind the physician that schizophrenia usually develops earlier in life, that such presentations may be caused by medical problems, and suggest a medical work-up.
- D. Note that the patient's blood pressure and respirations were elevated when she arrived, and suggest that they be evaluated before admitting the patient to the psychiatric unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates critical thinking and patient advocacy. By reminding the physician that schizophrenia typically develops earlier in life and suggesting a medical work-up, the nurse is advocating for a comprehensive approach to ruling out potential medical causes for the patient's symptoms before jumping to a psychiatric diagnosis. This approach aligns with best practices in patient care and ensures that all possible underlying causes are considered and addressed appropriately.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the need for a medical work-up to rule out physical causes of the symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on validating the diagnosis and initiating medication rather than investigating potential medical issues. Choice D is incorrect as it only addresses the patient's vital signs, overlooking the need for a thorough medical evaluation.
Children should undergo further evaluation when their weight is % above their height.
- A. 10
- B. 15
- C. 20
- D. 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (20%). This is because a weight that is 20% above a child's height can indicate potential health issues such as obesity. Excess weight can lead to various health problems in children. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they represent lower percentages, which may not be as concerning in terms of potential health risks. It is important to consider a higher percentage threshold for further evaluation to ensure early detection and intervention for any weight-related issues.
Which activity best supports cognitive growth in infants?
- A. Listening to music
- B. Tummy time
- C. Reading aloud
- D. Watching TV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reading aloud (C) stimulates language acquisition and cognitive connections in infants. Music (A) and tummy time (B) aid development, but reading has a stronger cognitive impact. TV (D) is less interactive and less beneficial.
Which one of the following definitions is incorrect?
- A. Delusions – A fixed false belief not based in reality
- B. Mental illness – A condition affecting thinking, mood, or behavior
- C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder – A disorder with intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
- D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder – A disorder with intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An illusion is actually a misinterpretation of a real stimulus, not the perception of something that does not exist. The incorrect definition given in option D confuses an illusion with a hallucination, which is a false sensory perception without an external stimulus.