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A client at 20 weeks' gestation reports leg cramps. What recommendation should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase potassium intake.
- B. Stretch the legs before bed.
- C. Drink fluids during meals.
- D. Reduce physical activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stretch the legs before bed. Leg cramps during pregnancy are common due to increased weight and pressure on blood vessels. Stretching before bed helps prevent cramps by improving circulation and muscle relaxation. Increasing potassium intake (choice A) can help with muscle function but is not the primary intervention for leg cramps. Drinking fluids during meals (choice C) is important for hydration but does not directly address leg cramps. Reducing physical activity (choice D) may worsen circulation and muscle cramps.
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The nurse is aware that a pre-term neonate may have a potential nutritional problem because of:
- A. Poor sucking reflex
- B. A decreased metabolic rate
- C. Decreased caloric requirement
- D. Increased absorption of nutrients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Poor sucking reflex. Pre-term neonates often have immature sucking reflexes, which can lead to difficulty in feeding and obtaining adequate nutrition. This can result in a potential nutritional problem. Option B is incorrect because pre-term neonates actually have an increased metabolic rate to support their growth and development. Option C is incorrect as pre-term neonates have increased caloric requirements due to their rapid growth. Option D is incorrect as pre-term neonates typically have decreased absorption of nutrients due to an immature gastrointestinal system.
A postpartum client calls the pediatric clinic to report that her 4-day old female newborn has a spot of blood on her diaper. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Your newborn may have a urinary infection, continue to breastfeed frequently
- B. Your newborn has jaundice so it may need phototherapy
- C. This is a normal finding due to withdrawal of maternal hormones
- D. Your baby has an immature immune system, continue to breastfeed frequently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the spot of blood on the diaper of a 4-day old female newborn is a normal finding due to the withdrawal of maternal hormones. During pregnancy, the baby is exposed to maternal hormones, and after birth, the sudden decrease in these hormones can cause a temporary withdrawal bleeding. This is known as pseudomenstruation and is common in newborn girls. It is important for the nurse to reassure the mother that this is a normal and harmless occurrence.
Choice A is incorrect because urinary infection is not typically the cause of blood on the diaper in a newborn. Choice B is incorrect because jaundice does not typically present with blood in the diaper. Choice D is incorrect because while breastfeeding is important for the baby's immune system, it is not directly related to the presence of blood on the diaper in this case.
A newborn is suspected of having substance abuse instructions? exposure. Which of the following assessment findings
- A. Exercise will decrease my metabolism and should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
- B. Increased weight gain
- C. Starting on Glucophage will take the place of
- D. Seizures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Seizures. Substance abuse exposure in a newborn can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including seizures. This is because the newborn's central nervous system may have been affected by the substances. Seizures are a serious medical emergency and require immediate attention.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Exercise and metabolism are not directly related to substance abuse exposure in a newborn.
B: Increased weight gain is not a typical assessment finding for newborns with substance abuse exposure.
C: Glucophage is a medication used to treat diabetes, and it does not relate to substance abuse exposure in a newborn.
A patient has had four vaginal deliveries. What barrier contraceptive method’s efficacy is affected by this history?
- A. internal condom
- B. external condom
- C. cervical cap
- D. contraceptive gel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cervical cap. This barrier contraceptive method's efficacy is affected by the patient's history of four vaginal deliveries due to changes in the cervix and vaginal canal post-deliveries. The cervical cap relies on proper placement over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. However, after multiple vaginal deliveries, the cervix may become less firm and may have altered shape or size, leading to reduced effectiveness of the cervical cap.
A: Internal condom and B: external condom are not affected by the history of vaginal deliveries as they do not rely on cervical fit for efficacy.
D: Contraceptive gel is not directly affected by the number of vaginal deliveries as it is applied externally and does not rely on cervical anatomy for effectiveness.
A pregnant patient who abuses cocaine admits to exchanging sex for her drug habit. This behavior puts her at a greater risk for
- A. postmature birth.
- B. sexually transmitted diseases.
- C. hypotension and vasodilation.
- D. depression of the central nervous system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sexually transmitted diseases. Exchanging sex for drugs increases the risk of acquiring STDs due to engaging in unprotected sex with multiple partners. This behavior exposes the patient to infections such as HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and others. STDs can have serious consequences for both the pregnant patient and the fetus, including transmission of infections during childbirth or pregnancy complications.
A: postmature birth is incorrect as it is not directly related to the behavior described.
C: hypotension and vasodilation are potential effects of cocaine abuse, but not directly related to the increased risk of STDs in this scenario.
D: depression of the central nervous system is a potential effect of cocaine abuse but is not the primary concern in this situation.