Nokea
A client has been taking furosemide (Lasix) for 2 days. The nurse should assess the client for:
- A. An elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level.
- B. An elevated potassium level.
- C. A decreased potassium level.
- D. An elevated sodium level.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypokalemia, requiring assessment for decreased potassium levels.
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A Jewish client requests an orthodox diet while she is hospitalized. The nurse should refer this request to the:
- A. Dietitian
- B. Physician
- C. Unit case manager
- D. Rabbi in pastoral care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The dietitian is responsible for addressing dietary requests, including religious preferences like an orthodox Jewish diet, to ensure nutritional needs are met. The physician, case manager, or rabbi may not specialize in dietary planning.
The nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of being in the early symptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which of the following signs and symptoms of infection should the nurse detect during this stage?
- A. Whitish yellow patches in the mouth.
- B. Dyspnea.
- C. Mild diarrhea.
- D. Raised, hyperpigmented lesions on the legs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mild diarrhea is a common early symptom of HIV infection, unlike the other options, which appear in later stages.
A client with a history of heart failure is prescribed eplerenone (Inspra). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hyperkalemia.
- B. Hypoglycemia.
- C. Weight gain.
- D. Hypertension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eplerenone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia, requiring monitoring of potassium levels.
The nurse reviews the client's health care record and notes that the client is taking donepezil hydrochloride. Understanding the purpose of this medication, the nurse suspects this client has which medical problem?
- A. Dementia
- B. Seizure disorder
- C. History of schizophrenia
- D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Donepezil hydrochloride is a cholinergic agent that is used in the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. It enhances cholinergic functions by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine. It slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease. None of the remaining options are conditions that are treated with this medication.
A client with pneumonia is receiving oxygen therapy. The nurse notes cyanosis and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Increase the oxygen flow rate.
- B. Notify the physician.
- C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing.
- D. Reposition the client.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis and tachypnea indicate worsening hypoxia, requiring immediate physician notification to adjust treatment.