Nokea
A client has possible malignancy of the colon, and surgery is scheduled. The rationale for administering Neomycin preoperatively is to:
- A. Prevent infection postoperatively
- B. Eliminate the need for preoperative enemas
- C. Decreased and retard the growth of normal bacteria in the intestines
- D. Treat cancer of the colon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rationale for administering Neomycin preoperatively in the case of possible malignancy of the colon is to decrease and retard the growth of normal bacteria in the intestines. This is important because surgical procedures involving the colon carry a risk of infection due to the abundant normal bacterial flora present in the intestines. By administering Neomycin prior to surgery, the goal is to reduce the number of bacteria in the colon and minimize the risk of postoperative infections. It is not used to prevent infection or treat cancer directly, nor is it meant to eliminate the need for preoperative enemas.
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Primary amenorrhea should be considered for any female adolescent who has not reached menarche by
- A. 13 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- B. 14 years or has not done so within 2 years of thelarche
- C. 14 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- D. 15 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is suspected if menarche has not occurred by age 15 or within 3 years of thelarche.
the clinical manifestations of nephrosis include which of the following ?
- A. hematuria, bacteriuria, weight gain.
- B. gross hematuria, albuminuria, fever.
- C. hypertension, weight loss, proteinuria.
- D. massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrosis, also known as nephrotic syndrome, is characterized by the presence of massive proteinuria (excretion of more than 3.5 grams of protein in the urine per day), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and edema (swelling due to fluid retention). These are the hallmark clinical manifestations of nephrosis. Proteinuria results from damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine. Hypoalbuminemia occurs due to the excessive loss of albumin in the urine, leading to reduced oncotic pressure in the bloodstream. Edema develops as a result of decreased oncotic pressure, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels into the tissues, especially in the lower extremities and around the eyes. Other common manifestations of nephrosis may include hyperlipidemia, lipid
Which of the ff suggestions should a nurse give breastfeeding mothers to prevent or eliminate mastitis and breast abscess? Choose all that apply
- A. Offer the opposite breast at each feeding to their
- B. Avoid frequent nursing of the infants
- C. Avoid breastfeeding
- D. Ensure that their hands and breasts are clean
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keeping hands and breasts clean is crucial in preventing infections like mastitis and breast abscess. Proper hygiene practices can help reduce the risk of introducing harmful bacteria to the breast during breastfeeding. It is essential for breastfeeding mothers to wash their hands before each feeding session and ensure that the breast is clean before nursing.
The MOST appropriate advice for a 4-year-old child visiting the outpatient department with excessive crying is
- A. reassures her that this is a normal phenomenon
- B. seek more history regarding other skills and developmental domains
- C. refer her to pediatric psychiatry
- D. investigate for child abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Further history may help differentiate normal behavior from developmental concerns.
As part of the treatment for heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide (Lasix). As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended because they are high in which nutrient?
- A. Chlorides
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diuretic furosemide (Lasix) can cause the loss of potassium in the body through increased urination. Potassium is an important mineral that helps maintain normal heart function. Therefore, it is essential to consume foods rich in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables, to prevent potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) and support heart health, especially in individuals taking diuretics for conditions like heart failure.