LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions

LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions Related

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A client in the emergency department is bleeding profusely from a gunshot wound to the abdomen. In what position should the nurse immediately place the client to promote maintenance of the client's blood pressure above a systolic pressure of 90 mm Hg?

  • A. Place the client in a 45-degree Trendelenburg position to promote cerebral blood flow.
  • B. Turn the client prone to apply pressure on the abdominal wound to help staunch the bleeding.
  • C. Maintain the client in a supine position to reduce diaphragmatic pressure and visualize the wound.
  • D. Put the client on the right side to apply pressure to the liver and spleen to stop hemorrhaging.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a client with profuse bleeding from a gunshot wound to the abdomen, maintaining the client in a supine position is essential to manage blood pressure. This position helps in reducing diaphragmatic pressure and allows for proper visualization of the wound, aiding in prompt assessment and intervention to control the bleeding and stabilize the client's condition. Placing the client in a 45-degree Trendelenburg position (Choice A) could worsen the bleeding by increasing intrathoracic pressure and venous return, potentially leading to further hemorrhage. Turning the client prone (Choice B) may not be feasible in this situation and can delay essential interventions. Placing the client on the right side (Choice D) does not address the immediate need to manage the bleeding and stabilize the client's condition.

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The healthcare provider is teaching a client with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which recommendation should the healthcare provider include?

  • A. Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per day.
  • B. Increase sodium intake to maintain blood pressure.
  • C. Exercise vigorously for at least 30 minutes daily.
  • D. Avoid high potassium foods like bananas.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Limiting alcohol intake is an essential lifestyle modification recommended for managing hypertension. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure, so limiting it to one drink per day is beneficial in controlling hypertension. Alcohol moderation is a key part of a heart-healthy lifestyle for individuals with high blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect because increasing sodium intake can actually worsen hypertension by retaining water and increasing blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect because while exercise is important for overall health, moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for individuals with hypertension to avoid excessive strain on the heart. Choice D is incorrect because high potassium foods like bananas are actually beneficial for individuals with hypertension as they can help lower blood pressure.

A 24-year-old man seeks medical attention for complaints of claudication in the arch of the foot. The nurse also notes superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower leg. What should the nurse check the client for next?

  • A. Smoking history
  • B. Recent exposure to allergens
  • C. History of recent insect bites
  • D. Familial tendency toward peripheral vascular disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this case, the nurse should check the client's smoking history next. Smoking is a significant risk factor for peripheral vascular disease, leading to the development of thrombophlebitis and claudication. It is important to assess this risk factor as it can significantly impact the client's vascular health and the progression of their current symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are not directly related to the symptoms described by the client. Recent exposure to allergens or insect bites would typically present with different symptoms, and familial tendency toward peripheral vascular disease is not the immediate concern in this case.

Drugs that may cause anticholinergic effects include:

  • A. Diphenhydramine
  • B. Atenolol
  • C. Lisinopril
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because diphenhydramine has strong anticholinergic effects (e.g., confusion, dry mouth), risky in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice B is incorrect as atenolol (beta blocker) lacks anticholinergic action. Choice C is wrong because lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) doesn't affect cholinergic systems. Choice D is incorrect since only diphenhydramine applies.

While assessing a client taking propranolol, which finding should the nurse report to the provider?

  • A. Bradycardia
  • B. Dry mouth
  • C. Constipation
  • D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bradycardia is a significant side effect of propranolol, a beta-blocker that slows the heart rate. It indicates potential cardiovascular complications and should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Dry mouth, constipation, and increased appetite are common side effects of various medications but are not directly associated with propranolol's mechanism of action.

A client with a history of angina pectoris reports chest pain while ambulating in the corridor. What should the nurse do first?

  • A. Check the client's vital signs.
  • B. Assist the client to sit or lie down.
  • C. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
  • D. Apply nasal oxygen at a rate of 2 L/min.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client with a history of angina pectoris experiences chest pain while ambulating, the priority action for the nurse is to assist the client to sit or lie down. This helps reduce the demand on the heart by decreasing physical exertion. Checking vital signs, administering medication, or applying oxygen can follow once the client is in a more comfortable position. Checking vital signs (Choice A) may be important but addressing the immediate discomfort by positioning the client comfortably takes precedence. Administering sublingual nitroglycerin (Choice C) is appropriate but should come after ensuring the client's comfort. Applying nasal oxygen (Choice D) can be beneficial, but it should not be the first action; assisting the client to sit or lie down is the initial priority.

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