Nokea
A client is admitted for a spelenectomy. What problem is the nurse aware that could develop?
- A. Infection
- B. Urinary retention
- C. Congestive heart failure
- D. Viral hepatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following a splenectomy (spleen removal), patients are at an increased risk of developing infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. The spleen plays a vital role in the immune system by filtering and clearing bacteria and viruses from the bloodstream. Without a functioning spleen, patients are more vulnerable to bacterial infections. Therefore, the nurse should be aware of the potential for infection and provide appropriate education to the client regarding infection prevention strategies, such as vaccinations and prompt medical treatment for any signs of infection.
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You are explaining the risk of leukemia in children with Down syndrome to medical students; your discussion will include all the following statements EXCEPT
- A. acute leukemia occurs more frequently in children with Down syndrome than in the general population
- B. AML is more common in children with Down syndrome as compared to ALL
- C. children with Down syndrome have a slightly inferior outcome ratio of ALL/AML in general
- D. children with Down syndrome who develop AML demonstrate remarkable sensitivity to antimetabolites
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have better outcomes when treated with specific regimens, contrary to this option.
Which of the ff symptoms should a nurse assess in a client when implementing interventions for trauma to the upper airway?
- A. Pain when talking
- B. Increased nasal swelling
- C. Burning in the throat
- D. Presence of laryngospasm INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY AIRWAY
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When implementing interventions for trauma to the upper airway, it is crucial for the nurse to assess for the presence of laryngospasm. Laryngospasm is a sudden spasm of the vocal cords that may cause difficulty breathing and in severe cases, complete airway obstruction. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following upper airway trauma. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment of laryngospasm are essential to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation for the client. Pain when talking, increased nasal swelling, and burning in the throat may also be symptoms encountered in upper airway trauma, but the presence of laryngospasm signifies a more critical condition requiring immediate intervention.
What is the care priority for a newborn with bladder exstrophy and a malformed pelvis?
- A. Change the diaper frequently and assess for skin breakdown.
- B. Keep the exposed bladder open in a warm, dry environment.
- C. Offer formula for growth and fluid management.
- D. Cluster care to allow the child uninterrupted sleep and strength for upcoming surgical repair.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Minimizing disturbances (clustering care) helps prevent infection and allows the infant to conserve energy before surgical repair.
Which of the following is the most critical intervention needed for a client with myxedema coma?
- A. Administering an oral dose of levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- B. Warming the client with a warming blanket
- C. Measuring and recording accurate intake and output
- D. Maintaining a patent airway
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Myxedema coma is a severe form of hypothyroidism that can lead to life-threatening complications, including decreased level of consciousness, hypothermia, respiratory depression, and cardiovascular collapse. Rapid administration of thyroid hormone replacement therapy, such as levothyroxine, is crucial in the management of myxedema coma to reverse the underlying hypothyroid state and improve clinical outcomes. Therefore, administering an oral dose of levothyroxine is the most critical intervention needed for a client with myxedema coma. While warming the client with a warming blanket, measuring intake and output, and maintaining a patent airway are important aspects of care, they are not as directly related to the reversal of the underlying hypothyroid state in myxedema coma as administering levothyroxine.
Once admitted to hospital the physician indicates that Mr. Gubatan is a paraplegic. The family asks the nurse what that means. The nurse explains that:
- A. Upper extremities are paralyzed
- B. Both lower and upper extremities are
- C. Lower extremities are paralyzed paralyzed
- D. One side of the body is paralyzed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paraplegia is a condition characterized by the paralysis of both lower extremities. It does not affect the upper extremities or one side of the body specifically. When someone is described as a paraplegic, it means they have lost function and sensation in their lower limbs, usually due to a spinal cord injury or disease affecting the lower part of the spinal cord. This term helps provide a specific understanding of the type and location of the paralysis in the body.