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A client is admitted to a medical-surgical unit after six hours in the emergency room. He requests that his AM care be delayed to allow him to rest. The nurse complies with his request. This is an example of which type of management philosophy?
- A. Continuous quality improvement
- B. Total quality management
- C. Six Sigma
- D. Quality management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Total quality management. This approach focuses on meeting customer needs and continuous improvement. By allowing the client to rest, the nurse is prioritizing the client's comfort and well-being, which aligns with the principles of total quality management. Continuous quality improvement (A) focuses on incremental improvements, Six Sigma (C) aims to reduce defects, and Quality management (D) is a broader term that encompasses various quality approaches.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of interprofessional collaboration in healthcare?
- A. The process by which multiple healthcare professionals work together to improve patient outcomes
- B. A method for healthcare professionals to work independently within their scope of practice
- C. The use of standardized protocols to ensure consistent care
- D. A way for healthcare professionals to share patient information electronically
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because interprofessional collaboration in healthcare involves different healthcare professionals working together as a team to provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes. This teamwork allows for a holistic approach to patient care, utilizing the expertise of each team member. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to working independently, which goes against the collaborative nature of interprofessional collaboration. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on standardized protocols rather than the collaboration between professionals. Choice D is also incorrect as it pertains to sharing patient information electronically, which is just one aspect of collaboration and not the main focus.
Which of the following should be included in a discussion of advance directives with new nurse graduates?
- A. According to the Patient Self-Determination Act, nurses are required to inform clients of their right to create an advance directive.
- B. The advance directive designates an individual who will make financial decisions for the client if he or she is unable to do so.
- C. A living will designates who will make health-care decisions for an individual in the event the individual is unable or incompetent to make his or her own decisions.
- D. The advance directive designates a health-care surrogate who will make known the client’s wishes regarding medical treatment if the client is unable to do so.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The Patient Self-Determination Act requires healthcare providers, including nurses, to inform clients of their right to create an advance directive.
Step 2: New nurse graduates need to understand this legal requirement to comply with ethical and legal standards.
Step 3: By discussing this requirement with new nurse graduates, they will be better equipped to provide information and support to clients regarding advance directives.
Step 4: This step is crucial in ensuring that clients' autonomy and right to self-determination are respected.
Step 5: Option A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the legal obligation of nurses in discussing advance directives with clients.
Summary: Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific legal requirement outlined in the Patient Self-Determination Act for informing clients about their right to create an advance directive.
A registered nurse (RN) who usually uses public transportation has not renewed her driver’s license. During a recent car trip with a friend, she took over driving when her friend became tired. Which of the following is true?
- A. She has acted in a professional manner.
- B. She may lose her RN license for driving without a license.
- C. She should renew her driver’s license as soon as possible.
- D. Under the circumstances, she will not be faulted for driving without a license.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: She may lose her RN license for driving without a license. As a registered nurse, she is held to a high standard of professional conduct. Driving without a valid license is illegal and unethical, potentially endangering herself and others. This behavior could be viewed as a violation of professional ethics, leading to disciplinary action by the licensing board. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the legal and ethical implications of driving without a valid license for a healthcare professional. A nurse should always adhere to legal and ethical standards to maintain the trust and integrity of the profession.
A 54-year-old patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which admission order should the nurse implement first?
- A. Infuse 1 liter of normal saline per hour.
- B. Give sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV push.
- C. Administer regular insulin 10 U by IV push.
- D. Start a regular insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the priority in treating diabetic ketoacidosis is fluid resuscitation to address dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Infusing 1 liter of normal saline per hour helps to restore intravascular volume and corrects electrolyte abnormalities. Choice B (sodium bicarbonate) is not recommended routinely in DKA treatment as it may worsen metabolic acidosis. Choice C (IV push insulin) can lead to hypoglycemia and should not be the initial intervention. Choice D (insulin infusion) is important but should be started after fluid resuscitation to avoid rapid drops in blood glucose levels.
A nurse is focusing on improving the ability to multitask without losing focus and to turn problems into opportunities. Which of the following leadership theories describes the nurse’s focus?
- A. Emotional intelligence
- B. Motivation theory
- C. Situational leadership theory
- D. Transformational leadership theory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transformational leadership theory. This theory emphasizes the leader's ability to inspire and motivate followers to exceed their own self-interests for the good of the organization. In this scenario, the nurse's focus on improving multitasking and problem-solving aligns with the transformational leader's goal of empowering others to innovate and tackle challenges. Emotional intelligence (A) focuses on understanding and managing emotions, not specifically on multitasking or problem-solving. Motivation theory (B) addresses the factors that drive behavior but doesn't necessarily encompass multitasking and problem-solving skills. Situational leadership theory (C) emphasizes adapting leadership style to fit the situation, not specifically on improving multitasking and problem-solving abilities.