Nokea
A client is admitted with a bone tumor. The nurse finds the client weak and lethargic with decreased deep tendon reflexes. What actions by the nurse are best? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Assess the daily serum calcium level
- B. Consult the provider about a loop diuretic
- C. Institute seizure precautions for the client
- D. Raise the head of the bed
- E. Place the client on a 1500 mL fluid restriction
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Weakness, lethargy, and decreased reflexes suggest hypercalcemia, common in bone tumors. Assessing serum calcium, consulting for loop diuretics, and raising the head of the bed to promote safety are appropriate. Seizure precautions and fluid restrictions are not indicated.
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The nurse studying osteoporosis learns that which drugs can cause this disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Anticonvulsants
- C. Loop diuretics
- D. Proton pump inhibitors
- E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, and SSRIs are associated with bone loss and osteoporosis risk. Antibiotics are not typically linked to this condition.
A client has an ingrown toenail. About what self-management measure does the nurse teach the client?
- A. Long-term antibiotic use
- B. Shoe padding
- C. Toenail trimming by the client
- D. Warm moist soaks and proper nail trimming by a podiatrist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proper treatment for an ingrown toenail includes warm moist soaks and professional nail trimming by a podiatrist to prevent recurrence. Long-term antibiotics are unnecessary, shoe padding does not treat the condition, and self-trimming can worsen it.
A nurse is assessing a community group for dietary factors that contribute to osteoporosis. In addition to inquiring about calcium, the nurse also assesses for which other dietary components? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Alcohol
- B. Caffeine
- C. Fat
- D. Carbonated beverages
- E. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Alcohol, caffeine, carbonated beverages (high in phosphorus), and low vitamin D intake contribute to osteoporosis risk. Fat intake does not directly affect bone density.
The nurse sees several clients with osteoporosis. For which client would bisphosphonates not be a good option?
- A. Client with diabetes who has a serum creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL
- B. Client who recently fell and has vertebral compression fractures
- C. Hypertensive client who takes calcium channel blockers
- D. Client with a spinal cord injury who cannot tolerate sitting up
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bisphosphonates require the client to sit upright for 30"?60 minutes after administration to prevent esophageal irritation. A client with a spinal cord injury who cannot tolerate sitting up is not a good candidate. A serum creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL is normal, and neither vertebral fractures nor calcium channel blockers contraindicate bisphosphonates.
A client has been advised to perform weight-bearing exercises to help minimize osteoporosis. The client admits to not doing the prescribed exercises. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ask the client about fear of falling
- B. Encourage more calcium intake
- C. Suggest alternative exercises
- D. Teach about weight-lifting techniques
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fear of falling can deter clients from performing weight-bearing exercises. Assessing this fear is the first step to address barriers to compliance. Calcium intake, alternative exercises, or weight-lifting techniques may be relevant but are secondary to understanding the client's reluctance.