Nokea
A client is being switched from levodopa (L-dopa) to carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet). The nurse should monitor for which of the following possible complications during medication changes and dosage adjustment?
- A. Euphoria.
- B. Jaundice.
- C. A military fluctuation.
- D. Signs and symptoms of diabetes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice may indicate hepatotoxicity, a rare but serious complication of levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa. Euphoria, motor fluctuations, and diabetes are not primary concerns during this switch.
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The client with a laryngectomy is being discharged. The nurse should determine that the client understands to do which of the following self-care measures? Select all that apply.
- A. Provide humidification in the home.
- B. Use a protective shield over the stoma for bathing.
- C. Consume a liberal intake of fluids (2 to 3 L/day).
- D. Limit spicy seasonings on food.
- E. Follow a low-fiber diet.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Self-care measures include home humidification to keep the airway moist, using a stoma shield during bathing to prevent water entry, and consuming 2-3 L/day of fluids to maintain hydration. Spicy foods and low-fiber diets are not typically restricted.
The nurse caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer should assess the client for which of the following?
- A. Diarrhea.
- B. Improved energy level.
- C. Dysphagia.
- D. Normal white blood cell count.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a common side effect of laryngeal radiation due to inflammation and irritation of the throat and esophagus.
Which lab result indicates worsening acute renal failure?
- A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL.
- B. BUN 20 mg/dL.
- C. Potassium 4.0 mEq/L.
- D. Sodium 140 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated creatinine indicates reduced kidney function in acute renal failure.
When teaching the client with myocardial infarction (MI), the nurse explains that the pain associated with MI is caused by:
- A. Left ventricular overload.
- B. Impending circulatory collapse.
- C. Extracellular electrolyte imbalances.
- D. Insufficient oxygen reaching the heart muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MI pain results from myocardial ischemia due to insufficient oxygen delivery to the heart muscle, caused by coronary artery occlusion.
Which of the following is a priority goal for the client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Maintaining functional ability.
- B. Minimizing chest pain.
- C. Increasing carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
- D. Treating infectious agents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining functional ability is a priority in COPD to preserve quality of life and independence. Chest pain is not a primary issue. Increasing CO2 is harmful. Treating infections is important but not the top goal.