Nokea
A client is diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The physician prescribes mitomycin (Mutamycin) with other chemotherapeutic agents for palliative treatment. How mitomycin does exert its cytotoxic effects?
- A. It inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis
- B. It's cell cycle-phase specific
- C. It inhibits ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis
- D. It inhibits protein synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitomycin exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming cross-links between adjacent guanine residues in DNA, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism disrupts the replication of cancer cells, ultimately inducing cell death. Mitomycin is an alkylating agent that primarily targets DNA, making it an effective treatment for certain types of cancers, such as adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
You may also like to solve these questions
By the age of 7 months, the infant is able to do all the following EXCEPT
- A. transfer object from hand to hand
- B. actively bounces
- C. uses radial palm grasp
- D. cruises
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cruising typically occurs later, around 9-10 months.
After general anesthesia, elective procedures should generally be avoided in children with a URI for how long?
- A. 1-2 weeks
- B. 2-4 weeks
- C. 4-6 weeks
- D. 6-8 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is recommended to wait at least 2-4 weeks after resolution of a URI before proceeding with elective surgery.
Which of the following infants is least probable to develop sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Baby Angela who was premature
- B. A sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS
- C. Baby Gabriel with prenatal drug exposure
- D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS is the least probable to develop sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among the given choices. This is because siblings of infants who have died of SIDS are at a higher risk themselves due to potential genetic or environmental factors. Research suggests that siblings of infants who died of SIDS are at an increased risk compared to the general population, indicating a possible genetic predisposition or shared environmental influences. It is crucial for parents and caregivers of these siblings to take extra precautions and follow safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of SIDS.
A nurse makes the decision to apply a topical anesthetic to a child's skin before drawing blood. Which ethical principle is the nurse demonstrating?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Beneficence
- C. Justice
- D. Truthfulness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of beneficence by applying a topical anesthetic to the child's skin before drawing blood. Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient, promoting their well-being and preventing harm. In this case, the nurse is taking proactive steps to minimize the child's discomfort and potential pain during the blood draw procedure, thus upholding the principle of beneficence.
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by increased levels of thyroxine in blood plasma. A client with this endocrine dysfunction would experience:
- A. Heat intolerance and systolic
- B. Diastolic hypertension and widened hypertension pulse pressure
- C. Weight gain and heat intolerance
- D. Anorexia and hyper-excitability
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is caused by increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), not thyroxine. The effects of hyperparathyroidism include increased calcium levels in the blood, which can lead to symptoms such as heat intolerance and systolic hypertension. Systolic hypertension is when the top number in a blood pressure reading is elevated. This is why option A (heat intolerance and systolic hypertension) is the correct choice for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Options B, C, and D do not accurately reflect the symptoms associated with this endocrine dysfunction.