Nokea
A client is diagnosed with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (MRSA). What type of isolation is most appropriate for this client?
- A. Reverse
- B. Airborne
- C. Standard precautions
- D. Contact
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact precautions or Body Substance Isolation (BSI) involves the use of barrier protection (e.g. gloves, mask, gown, or protective eyewear as appropriate) whenever direct contact with any body fluid is expected.
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The nurse receives a report on an older adult client with middle stage dementia. What information suggests the nurse should do immediate follow up rather than delegate care to the nursing assistant? The client
- A. has had a change in respiratory rate by an increase of 2 breaths
- B. has had a change in heart rate by an increase of 10 beats
- C. was minimally responsive to voice and touch
- D. has had a blood pressure change by a drop in 8 mmHg systolic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A change in level of consciousness indicates delirium related to acute illness. This would require the assessment of a nurse. The other changes could occur within the range of normal fluctuations.
The parents of a child who has suddenly been hospitalized for an acute illness state that they should have taken the child to the pediatrician earlier. Which approach by the nurse is best when dealing with the parents' comments?
- A. Focus on the child's needs and recovery
- B. Explain the cause of the child's illness
- C. Acknowledge that early care would have been better
- D. Accept their feelings without judgment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Accept their feelings without judgment. Parents often blame themselves for their child's illness. Feeling helpless and angry is normal and these feelings must be accepted.
A patient asks a nurse the following question. Exposure to TB can be identified best with which of the following procedures? Which of the following tests is the most definitive of TB?
- A. Chest x-ray
- B. Mantoux test
- C. Breath sounds examination
- D. Sputum culture for gram-negative bacteria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Mantoux is the most accurate test to determine the presence of TB.
The client with a left-sided weakness is to be discharged to home, where the client has an electrical bed. In preparation for discharge, the nurse assesses the client's ability to get out of bed independently- Which client actions indicate that further instruction is needed? Select all that apply.
- A. Places the bed in the lowest position
- B. Raises the head of the bed (HOB)
- C. Rolls onto the left side
- D. Pushes against the mattress with the weak elbow and stronger hand to rise to a sitting position
- E. Slides legs off the bed while pushing against the mattress to raise the body off the bed
- F. Once in a sitting position, sits at the edge of the bed for a few minutes before standing
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: C: Rolling onto the weaker left side is incorrect; the client should roll onto the stronger right side to maximize strength and stability. D: Using the weak elbow instead of the stronger elbow and hand to push off increases the risk of injury and instability.
A client asks the nurse to call the police and states: "I need to report that I am being abused by a nurse." The nurse should first
- A. focus on reality orientation to place and person
- B. assist with the report of the client's complaint to the police
- C. obtain more details of the client's claim of abuse
- D. document the statement on the client's chart with a report to the manager
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obtain more details of the client's claim of abuse. The advocacy role of the professional nurse, as well as the legal duty of the reasonable prudent nurse, requires the investigation of claims of abuse to ensure appropriate action and protection for the client.