Nokea
A client is entering the continuation phase of treatment for tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse expect the client to receive? Select all that apply.
- A. Isoniazid
- B. Rifampin
- C. Ciprofloxacin
- D. Pyrazinamide
- E. Ethambutol
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The continuation phase includes only the drugs isoniazid and rifampin.
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Tuberculosis responds well to long-term treatment with a combination of three or more antitubercular drugs. Which of the following is true regarding the duration of treatment for clients with tuberculosis? Select all that apply.
- A. The initial treatment phase should last for a minimum of 2 months.
- B. The initial treatment phase should last for a maximum of 2 months.
- C. The continuation treatment phase should last for 4 to 7 months.
- D. The continuation treatment phase should last for 6 to 12 months.
- E. Prophylactic treatment should be given for 6 to 9 months.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that treatment begin as soon as possible after diagnosis of TB and include the following: initial treatment phase lasting for a minimum of 2 months, continuation treatment phase lasting for 4 to 7 months, and prophylactic treatment given to family members of the infected individual for 6 to 7 months.
A client with tuberculosis has failed treatment and requires retreatment. Which of the following drugs would the nurse anticipate being used? Select all that apply.
- A. Ethionamide (Trecator)
- B. Rifampin (Rifadin)
- C. Aminosalicylic acid (Paser)
- D. Cycloserine (Seromycin)
- E. Capreomycin (Capastat)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Retreatment drug regimens most often consist of the secondary drugs ethionamide (Trecator), aminosalicylic acid (Paser), cycloserine (Seromycin), and capreomycin (Capastat). Ofloxacin (Floxin) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) may also be used in retreatment.
A patient with TB is admitted to a health care facility. The nurse is required to administer an antitubercular drug through the parenteral route to this patient. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take when administering frequent parenteral injections?
- A. Rotate injection sites for frequent parenteral injections.
- B. Monitor patient's vital signs each morning.
- C. Monitor signs of liver dysfunction weekly.
- D. Administer streptomycin to promote nutrition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should be careful to rotate injection sites when administering frequent parenteral injections. At the time of each injection, the nurse inspects previous injection sites for signs of swelling, redness, and tenderness. The nurse should monitor any signs of liver dysfunction monthly in patients who are being administered antitubercular drugs. The nurse should ensure that pyridoxine, and not streptomycin, is administered to the patient to promote nutrition, but this is only administered if the patient has been living in impoverished conditions and is malnourished. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs every 4 hours and not once every morning.
A patient diagnosed with TB is undergoing treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following would be used for household members and other close associates of the client to help prevent the spread of the disease?
- A. Long-term therapy
- B. Prophylactic therapy
- C. DOT therapy
- D. Short-term therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prophylactic therapy will prevent or avoid the spreading of TB in household members and other close associates of the diagnosed client. Long-term treatment does not prevent the spreading of TB, though it may eventually cure or reduce the intensity of the disease. Directly observed therapy (DOT) is used to administer drugs two to three times weekly. Using DOT will not prevent the TB from spreading. Usually, short-term therapy is of no value in treating TB. Short-term therapy will also not prevent the disease from spreading.
A patient with TB is undergoing initial therapy in the treatment. The nurse has to administer three or more drugs in combination to the patient. The patient wishes to know the reason for administering a combination of drugs. Which of the following explanations does the nurse offer related to the combination of medications?
- A. Prevents the incidence of liver dysfunction
- B. Slows down bacterial resistance
- C. Slows body's resistance to medication
- D. Prevents further spreading of TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should inform the patient that administering two to three drugs in combination slows down the development of bacterial resistance in the body. Administering a combination of drugs will not specifically prevent the incidence of liver dysfunction. Using drugs in combination does not slow down the body's resistance to medication, though it does reduce the development of bacterial resistance. Prophylactic treatment helps in preventing the TB from spreading further.