A client comes to the clinic reporting chronic low back pain. He asks the nurse to recommend specific exercises for him. Which of the following activities should the nurse suggest?
- A. Tennis
- B. Canoeing
- C. Swimming
- D. Archery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Swimming. Swimming is a low-impact exercise that helps strengthen the muscles in the back and core without putting excessive strain on the spine. It also promotes flexibility and improves cardiovascular health, which can aid in managing chronic low back pain. Other options like A (Tennis), B (Canoeing), and D (Archery) involve movements that may exacerbate back pain due to potential twisting, impact, or strain on the back muscles. Therefore, swimming is the most suitable recommendation for the client to alleviate and manage chronic low back pain effectively.
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A nurse is collecting data from an adolescent client. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse expect an adolescent who has achieved successful resolution of the developmental tasks of identity vs. role confusion to exhibit?
- A. Expresses her opinions
- B. Uses time effectively
- C. Starts and completes a task
- D. Establishes a close relationship with another person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expresses her opinions. Adolescents who have successfully resolved the developmental task of identity vs. role confusion are more likely to express their opinions confidently and assertively as they have a clear sense of self and have developed their own identity. This behavior reflects their ability to articulate their thoughts and beliefs, showing autonomy and independence.
Summary of other choices:
B: Using time effectively is a good skill but not directly related to resolving identity vs. role confusion.
C: Starting and completing tasks is important, but not indicative of resolving identity issues.
D: Establishing close relationships is important, but it is not the primary behavior associated with resolving identity vs. role confusion.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports occasional constipation. The nurse should inform the client that straining while defecating can cause which of the following?
- A. Dilated pupils
- B. Dysrhythmias
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Gastric ulcer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dysrhythmias. Straining while defecating can increase intra-abdominal pressure, leading to a vagal response that triggers dysrhythmias in susceptible individuals. This can be particularly dangerous for older adults with underlying heart conditions. Dilated pupils (choice A) are not directly related to straining during defecation. Diarrhea (choice C) is the opposite of constipation and is not a common consequence of straining. Gastric ulcers (choice D) are typically caused by factors such as H. pylori infection or NSAID use, not straining during defecation.
A client who has a femur fracture states, 'I can't stay in this bed any longer. I need to get home so I can take care of my family.' The nurse responds by saying, 'You have talked about your family. Can you tell me more about your specific concerns?' Which of the following therapeutic communication techniques is the nurse using?
- A. Summarizing
- B. Empathizing
- C. Focusing
- D. Clarifying
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Focusing helps the client explore concerns in more detail, allowing for appropriate support and planning.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the spouse of a client about how to take a blood pressure. Which of the following actions by the spouse indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. Wrap the blood pressure cuff snugly around the arm.
- B. Place the client's arm above the level of the heart.
- C. Check the instrument gauge to ensure the reading starts at zero.
- D. Center the cuff bladder over the brachial artery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because placing the client's arm above the level of the heart can result in an inaccurate blood pressure reading. Ideally, the arm should be at heart level to obtain an accurate measurement. A: Wrapping the cuff snugly ensures an accurate reading. C: Checking the gauge for zero ensures proper calibration. D: Centering the cuff bladder over the brachial artery is correct for accurate measurement. Overall, maintaining the arm at heart level is crucial to obtaining an accurate blood pressure reading.
A nurse is completing a client's history and physical examination. Which information should the nurse consider subjective data?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Cyanosis
- C. Nausea
- D. Petechiae
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are information reported by the client, such as symptoms or feelings. Nausea is subjective because the client experiences and reports it. Blood pressure, cyanosis, and petechiae are objective data that can be measured or observed directly by the nurse. Blood pressure is a vital sign, cyanosis is a physical finding, and petechiae are skin manifestations. Therefore, they are not subjective data. By understanding the distinction between subjective and objective data, the nurse can accurately assess and document the client's health status.