Nokea
A client is given an opiate drug for pain relief following general anesthesia. The client becomes extremely somnolent with respiratory depression. The physician is likely to order the administration of:
- A. naloxone (Narcan)
- B. labetalol (Normodyne)
- C. neostigmine (Prostigmin)
- D. thiothixene (Navane)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression and somnolence by antagonizing opioid receptors. The other drugs do not address opioid overdose.
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A 55 year-old female asks a nurse the following, 'Which mineral/vitamin is the most important to prevent progression of osteoporosis.' The nurse should state:
- A. Potassium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Calcium
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is the most recognized osteoporosis treatment.
Some drugs are excreted into bile and delivered to the intestines. Prior to elimination from the body, the drug might be absorbed. This process is known as:
- A. hepatic clearance.
- B. total clearance.
- C. enterohepatic cycling.
- D. first-pass effect.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drugs and drug metabolites with molecular weights higher than 300 can be excreted via the bile, stored in the gallbladder, delivered to the intestines by the bile duct, and then reabsorbed into the circulation. This process reduces the elimination of drugs and prolongs their half-life and duration of action in the body. Hepatic clearance is the amount of drug eliminated by the liver. Total clearance is the sum of all types of clearance including renal, hepatic, and respiratory. First-pass effect is the amount of drug absorbed from the GI tract, then metabolized by the liver (reducing the amount of drug that makes it into circulation).
The nurse can promote relief of muscle pain, spasms, and tension by:
- A. having the client continue his activities as usual.
- B. immobilizing the client.
- C. applying heat, cold, pressure, or vibration to the painful area.
- D. giving as much pain medication as needed to ease the muscle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Superficial heat and cold, massage, pressure, or vibration can be applied to alleviate pain associated with muscle tension, pain, or spasms.
When a client with a major burn experiences body image disturbance, which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention classification?
- A. Grief work facilitation
- B. Vital signs monitoring
- C. Medication administration: skin
- D. Anxiety reduction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grief work facilitation helps address body image disturbance in burn clients by supporting grief resolution related to altered appearance.
In hanging a parenteral IV fluid that is to be infused by gravity, rather than with an infusion pump, the nurse notes that the IV tubing is available in different drop factors. Which tubing is a microdrop set?
- A. 15 drops per milliliter
- B. 60 drops per milliliter
- C. 20 drops per milliliter
- D. 10 drops per milliliter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: All microdrop sets are calculated to give 60 drops for each milliliter of IV fluid. Macrodrop sets are calculated to give 10, 15, or 20 drops for each milliliter of IV fluid.