Leadership and Management HESI Quizlet

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A client is in DKA, secondary to infection. As the condition progresses, which of the following symptoms might the nurse see?

  • A. Kussmaul's respirations and a fruity odor on the breath
  • B. Shallow respirations and severe abdominal pain
  • C. Decreased respirations and increased urine output
  • D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations and foul-smelling urine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), as the condition progresses, the body tries to compensate for the acidic environment by increasing the respiratory rate, leading to Kussmaul's respirations. The accumulation of ketones in the body causes a fruity odor on the breath. Option A is correct because Kussmaul's respirations and a fruity odor on the breath are classic signs of DKA. Option B is incorrect because shallow respirations are not typically seen in DKA, and severe abdominal pain is more commonly associated with conditions like pancreatitis. Option C is incorrect as decreased respirations are not a typical finding in DKA, and increased urine output is more commonly seen in conditions like diabetes insipidus. Option D is incorrect because Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not characteristic of DKA, and foul-smelling urine is not a prominent symptom in this condition.

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What is the primary focus of primary healthcare?

  • A. Emergency care
  • B. Preventive care
  • C. Specialized treatment
  • D. Hospital-based services
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preventive care. Primary healthcare emphasizes preventive care, which includes promoting overall health, preventing diseases, and providing early intervention to avoid the progression of illnesses. Emergency care (choice A) is focused on immediate medical attention for urgent health situations but is not the primary focus of primary healthcare. Specialized treatment (choice C) refers to care provided by specialists for specific health conditions, which is not the main focus of primary healthcare. Hospital-based services (choice D) involve inpatient care provided in a hospital setting, which is not the primary focus of primary healthcare that aims to provide comprehensive and accessible care at the community level.

Which of the following is the best way for a nurse to improve quality of care?

  • A. Recognize that physicians are among the health-care professionals interested in improving quality of care.
  • B. Work with patients and families to improve healthcare.
  • C. Collaborate with other health-care professionals, patients, and their families.
  • D. Recognize that physicians are among the numerous professionals in health care.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best way for a nurse to improve the quality of care is by collaborating with other health-care professionals, patients, and their families. By working together with the healthcare team, patients, and families, nurses can ensure a holistic approach to care delivery, leading to better outcomes. Choices A and D are incorrect as they focus solely on physicians, while choice B, though important, does not fully encompass the collaborative aspect necessary for comprehensive care.

Your patient has been diagnosed with giant cell arthritis. What medication will this patient most likely be given?

  • A. High doses of aspirin
  • B. High doses of prednisone
  • C. Methotrexate
  • D. Albuterol
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: High doses of prednisone are commonly prescribed for giant cell arthritis to reduce inflammation. Aspirin is not typically used for this condition. Methotrexate is more commonly used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not giant cell arthritis. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for respiratory conditions, not for giant cell arthritis.

In which position will you place your patient when they are demonstrating the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

  • A. The Trendelenburg position
  • B. The supine position
  • C. The left lateral position
  • D. The right lateral position
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the Trendelenburg position. This position involves placing the patient with their legs elevated higher than their head. It is used to increase blood flow to the upper body, including the brain and heart, in cases of hypovolemic shock. This helps improve perfusion to vital organs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not facilitate the desired redistribution of blood flow needed in hypovolemic shock. The supine position is lying flat on the back, the left lateral position is lying on the left side, and the right lateral position is lying on the right side.

Rotating injection sites when administering insulin prevents which of the following complications?

  • A. Insulin edema
  • B. Insulin lipodystrophy
  • C. Insulin resistance
  • D. Systemic allergic reactions
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rotating injection sites when administering insulin helps prevent insulin lipodystrophy, which is the abnormal distribution of fat at injection sites. Insulin edema (choice A) is not prevented by rotating injection sites; it is characterized by swelling at the site of insulin injection due to increased capillary permeability. Insulin resistance (choice C) is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, and rotating injection sites does not directly prevent this. Systemic allergic reactions (choice D) are not specifically prevented by rotating injection sites; they are related to an allergic response to insulin.

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