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A client is in the third stage of labor. Which finding would alert the nurse that the placenta is separating?
- A. uterus becomes globular
- B. fetal head at vaginal opening
- C. umbilical cord shortens
- D. mucous plug is expelled
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The uterus becoming globular and upward rising is a sign of placental separation. This change in shape indicates that the placenta is detaching from the uterine wall. The other options are not indicative of placental separation.
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What is the significance of progesterone in confirming ovulation?
- A. Low progesterone levels indicate successful ovulation.
- B. Elevated progesterone levels confirm that ovulation has occurred.
- C. Progesterone levels do not fluctuate during the cycle.
- D. Progesterone testing is only relevant during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated progesterone levels confirm that ovulation has occurred. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, supporting the uterine lining for potential implantation. Elevated progesterone levels indicate a functional corpus luteum, which only occurs after ovulation. Low progesterone levels do not indicate successful ovulation as they may suggest anovulation or inadequate luteal phase support. Progesterone levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, peaking post-ovulation. Progesterone testing is not only relevant during pregnancy but also in assessing ovulation and menstrual cycle health.
What is the role of ovarian stimulation in fertility treatments?
- A. To suppress ovulation and preserve egg quality.
- B. To encourage the production of multiple eggs for retrieval.
- C. To eliminate the need for embryo freezing.
- D. To improve uterine lining thickness for implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ovarian stimulation in fertility treatments aims to encourage the production of multiple eggs for retrieval, increasing the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy. By stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, fertility specialists can select the healthiest eggs for fertilization. This process is crucial for individuals with infertility issues or those undergoing assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Choice A is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not aim to suppress ovulation but rather to enhance egg production. Choice C is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not eliminate the need for embryo freezing; embryos may still need to be frozen for future use. Choice D is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not directly target uterine lining thickness; it primarily focuses on egg production in the ovaries.
The nurse is creating a pedigree from a client's family history. Which of the following symbols should the nurse use to represent a female?
- A. Circle.
- B. Square.
- C. Triangle.
- D. Diamond.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pedigrees, a circle represents a female.
During preconception counseling, the nurse discusses the impact of advanced maternal age. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Advanced maternal age has no impact on pregnancy outcomes.
- B. Fertility declines with age, increasing the risk of complications.
- C. Only the father's age affects pregnancy success.
- D. Advanced maternal age reduces the need for prenatal care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fertility declines with age, leading to increased risk of complications such as chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriages. This is important to emphasize during preconception counseling. Choice A is incorrect as advanced maternal age does impact pregnancy outcomes. Choice C is incorrect because both maternal and paternal age can affect pregnancy success. Choice D is incorrect as advanced maternal age actually increases the need for additional prenatal care due to higher risk factors.
During a preconception consultation, a patient asks about factors affecting egg quality. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Age is the primary factor influencing egg quality.
- B. Diet has no impact on egg quality.
- C. Hormonal treatments guarantee improvement in egg quality.
- D. Exercise is the only way to enhance egg quality.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Age is the primary factor influencing egg quality. As a tutor, I will explain this by stating that the quality of a woman's eggs declines with age due to factors like genetic abnormalities and decreased mitochondrial function. This decline can affect fertility and increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring.
For the incorrect choices:
B: Diet can impact egg quality by providing essential nutrients, so this choice is incorrect.
C: Hormonal treatments may help with fertility but do not guarantee improvement in egg quality, making this choice incorrect.
D: Exercise can contribute to overall health but is not the only way to enhance egg quality, making this choice incorrect.
In summary, age is a crucial factor affecting egg quality, while diet, hormonal treatments, and exercise play roles but are not primary influencers.