Nokea
A client is informed of needing to start on antiretroviral therapy, and the client is concerned about the possibility of not being able to afford the therapy. What can the nurse inform the client is the largest source of public funding for HIV/AIDS care?
- A. Medicaid
- B. Medicare
- C. Blue Cross/Blue Shield
- D. AIDS Drug Assistance Program
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medicaid, a state-based medical assistance program for low-income clients, is the largest source of public funding for HIV/AIDS care. Medicare is for clients who are over age 65 years or disabled. Blue Cross/Blue Shield is a private insurance with a cap on coverage. AIDS Drug Assistance Program is the third largest source of funding for HIV in the United States for individuals who do not have health insurance that pays for drug therapy.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is brought to the clinic by a family member. The family member tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
- A. Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)
- B. Candidiasis
- C. AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
- D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS dementia complex, or ADC, is a neurologic condition that causes the degeneration of the brain, especially in areas that affect mood, cognition, and motor functions. Such clients exhibit forgetfulness, limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. DSP is characterized by abnormal sensations, such as burning and numbness in the feet and later in the hands. Candidiasis is a yeast infection that may develop in the oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, or vaginal cavities or in the folds of the skin. CMV infects the choroid and retinal layers of the eye, leading to blindness, and can also cause ulcers in the esophagus, colitis, diarrhea, pneumonia, and encephalitis.
A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. The next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis is to perform what?
- A. p24 antigen test for confirmation of diagnosis.
- B. Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis.
- C. polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation of diagnosis.
- D. T4-cell count for confirmation of diagnosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, an initial HIV screening test, is positive when there are sufficient HIV antibodies; it also is positive when there are antibodies from other infectious diseases. The test is repeated if results are positive. If results of a second ELISA test are positive, the Western blot is performed. The p24 antigen test and the polymerase chain reaction test determine the viral load, and the T4-cell count is not used for diagnostic confirmation of the presence of HIV in the blood.
A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus?
- A. diarrhea
- B. hearing impairment
- C. blindness
- D. fatigue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CMV can infect the choroid and retinal layers of the eye, leading to blindness. It does not lead to hearing impairment. Fatigue and diarrhea may occur but are not as critical as blindness.
A client requires a blood transfusion for anemia and tells the nurse, 'I don't want a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS.' Which is the best response from the nurse to the client?
- A. It's always a possibility.'
- B. You don't want to die, do you?'
- C. The blood is screened, and your risk is one in two million.'
- D. If you don't have the transfusion, you are taking a greater risk.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before 1984, blood and blood products were a major source of HIV transmission. Since then, an HIV screening test known as nucleic acid testing (NAT) is performed on all blood and plasma donations. Although screening donated blood for HIV antibodies reduces the risk of transfusion-related infection with HIV, it is not flawless. The Verywell Health's website states that the risk for HIV infection in the United States from a blood transfusion is approximately one in two million units of blood. Informing the client that transmission is always a possibility does not provide any information that will be relevant to the decision. The other responses are nontherapeutic and, therefore, should not be used as a response to the client's statement.
A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Sign a refusal of blood transfusion form so the client will not receive the transfusion.
- B. Bank autologous blood.
- C. Ask people to donate blood.
- D. Use volume expanders in case blood is needed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Banking autologous blood that is self-donated is the safest option for the client. Signing the refusal form does not give the client any information about the options that are available and places the client at risk. Directed donor blood may be no safer than blood collected from public donors. Those who support this belief say that directed donors may not reveal their high-risk behaviors that put the potential recipient at risk for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV.