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A client is prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim) for chronic gout. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Increase your intake of purine-rich foods.
- C. Stop taking the medication if you experience a gout attack.
- D. Take the medication with or without food.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim) for chronic gout is to take the medication with a full glass of water. This helps prevent kidney stones which can be a side effect of the medication. It is important for the client to avoid purine-rich foods to help manage gout symptoms. They should continue taking the medication even during a gout attack as prescribed by the healthcare provider. Allopurinol can be taken with or without food, so there is no need to take it on an empty stomach.
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Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is prescribed for a client with pain. Which of the following would the nurse monitor for as a side effect of this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is an opioid analgesic that can cause various side effects. Common side effects include respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness, constipation, and urinary retention. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for urinary retention as a potential side effect of Meperidine hydrochloride.
A client taking ethambutol (Myambutol) understands the instructions provided by the nurse if the client states that he or she will immediately report:
- A. Impaired sense of hearing
- B. Problems with visual acuity
- C. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects
- D. Orange-red discoloration of body secretions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
- A. Immediately before swimming
- B. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
- C. Immediately before exposure to the sun
- D. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun to allow them to penetrate the skin and provide optimal protection. Applying sunscreen in advance ensures it has enough time to be absorbed and offer the intended protection. It is important to reapply sunscreen after swimming or sweating to maintain its effectiveness.
Heparin sodium is prescribed for the client. The nurse expects that the healthcare provider will prescribe which of the following to monitor for a therapeutic effect of the medication?
- A. Hematocrit level
- B. Hemoglobin level
- C. Prothrombin time (PT)
- D. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is used to monitor the therapeutic effect of heparin sodium. Heparin affects the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and monitoring aPTT helps ensure the medication is within the therapeutic range to prevent clot formation. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels assess red blood cell concentrations, while prothrombin time (PT) is used to monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin sodium, a different anticoagulant that affects the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) and is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Avoid potassium-rich foods.
- B. Take the medication in the morning.
- C. Change positions slowly to prevent dizziness.
- D. Maintain a restricted fluid intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect. It is important for the client to consume foods rich in potassium to prevent hypokalemia. Taking furosemide in the morning helps reduce the need for frequent urination at night. Encouraging the client to maintain an adequate fluid intake is crucial to prevent dehydration while on this medication.