Nokea
A client is prescribed amiloride 10 mg orally daily for the treatment of hypertension. Which instruction should the nurse give the client regarding its administration?
- A. Take the medication in the morning with breakfast.
- B. Withhold the medication if the blood pressure is high.
- C. Eat foods with extra sodium while taking this medication.
- D. Take the medication 2 hours after lunch on an empty stomach.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amiloride is a potassium-retaining diuretic used to treat edema or hypertension. A daily dose should be taken in the morning to avoid nocturia. Increased blood pressure is not a reason to hold the medication, and it may be an indication for its use. Sodium should be restricted if used as an antihypertensive. The dose should be taken with food to increase bioavailability.
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A client states she thinks she is experiencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The nurse should next ask the client about which of the following?
- A. Menstrual cycle irregularity with increased menstrual flow
- B. Mood swings immediately after menses
- C. Tension and fatigue before menses and through the second day of the menstrual cycle
- D. Midcycle spotting and abdominal pain at the time of ovulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PMS symptoms, such as tension and fatigue, typically occur before menses and may persist into the early menstrual phase. Irregular cycles, post-menses mood swings, or midcycle symptoms are less characteristic of PMS.
Which of the following compensatory actions by the body would occur if a client were in respiratory acidosis?
- A. Excretion of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) by the kidneys.
- B. Retention of HCO₃⁻ by the kidneys.
- C. Increase in respiratory rate by the lungs.
- D. Decrease in respiratory rate by the lungs.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: In respiratory acidosis, the body compensates by retaining bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in the kidneys and increasing respiratory rate to eliminate excess CO2.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of glaucoma who is prescribed timolol (Timoptic) eye drops. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following side effects?
- A. Blurred vision.
- B. Bradycardia.
- C. Eye redness.
- D. Dry eyes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Timolol, a beta-blocker, can cause systemic effects like bradycardia, which should be reported immediately.
A nurse is instructing a client about the use of nitroglycerin patches. The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Remove the patch every night.
- B. Apply the patch only when chest pain occurs.
- C. Change the site of the patch every day.
- D. Apply the patch only on alternate days.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin patches require a daily nitrate-free interval (typically at night) to prevent tolerance, and the site should be rotated daily to avoid skin irritation.
A multigravid client at 34 weeks' gestation who is leaking amniotic fluid has just been hospitalized with a diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. The client's contractions are 20 minutes apart, lasting 20 to 30 seconds. Her cervix is dilated to 2 cm. The nurse reviews the physician orders (see chart). Which of the following orders should the nurse initiate first?
- A. Initiate fetal and contraction monitoring
- B. Start the intravenous infusion
- C. Obtain the urine specimen
- D. Administer betamethasone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal and contraction monitoring is the priority to assess fetal well-being and labor progression, guiding further interventions.