Nokea
A client is receiving treatment for stage IV ovarian cancer and asks the nurse to discuss her prognosis. The client plans to have aggressive surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy treatments. Which of the following prognoses should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Poor
- B. Favorable
- C. Uncertain
- D. Excellent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Poor. In stage IV ovarian cancer, the cancer has spread beyond the ovaries to distant organs, resulting in a poor prognosis. The aggressive treatments may help manage symptoms and prolong survival but the overall prognosis remains poor due to the advanced stage of the cancer. Choice B (Favorable) is incorrect because stage IV ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis. Choice C (Uncertain) is incorrect as the prognosis for stage IV ovarian cancer is generally known to be poor. Choice D (Excellent) is incorrect as stage IV ovarian cancer is not associated with an excellent prognosis due to its advanced stage.
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A nurse is planning care for a client who is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for metastatic breast cancer, and who has neutropenia. The nurse should include which of the following restrictions in the client's plan of care?
- A. Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room
- B. Visitors from outside the hospital
- C. Foods high in vitamin C
- D. A humidifier in the room
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room. Neutropenic clients are at high risk for infections due to low white blood cell count. Fresh flowers and potted plants can harbor bacteria and fungi, increasing the risk of infection. Restricting these items helps minimize exposure to pathogens. Choices B and D are incorrect as long as visitors are screened for infections and the humidifier is cleaned regularly. Choice C, foods high in vitamin C, is incorrect as these foods can actually help boost the immune system.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and is receiving opioid medications to manage discomfort. Aside from managing pain, which of the following desired effects of medications should the nurse identify as most important for the client's recovery?
- A. It facilitates the client's deep breathing
- B. It increases the client's appetite
- C. It promotes wound healing
- D. It decreases the client's anxiety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: It facilitates the client's deep breathing. Postoperative clients following CABG surgery are at risk for developing atelectasis due to decreased lung expansion. Opioid medications can cause respiratory depression, leading to shallow breathing. By facilitating deep breathing, the nurse helps prevent atelectasis and promotes optimal oxygenation, aiding in the client's recovery. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to the immediate physiological needs of a postoperative CABG client. Increasing appetite, promoting wound healing, and decreasing anxiety are important aspects of overall recovery but are not as critical as ensuring proper oxygenation and preventing respiratory complications in the immediate postoperative period.
A nurse is teaching self-management to a client who has hepatitis B. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Limit salt intake.
- B. Avoid consuming alcohol.
- C. Engage in light exercise regularly.
- D. Rest frequently throughout the day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rest frequently throughout the day. For a client with hepatitis B, rest is essential to allow the body to recover and heal. Hepatitis B can cause fatigue and weakness, so resting frequently helps to conserve energy and support the immune system in fighting the infection. Limiting salt intake (Choice A) is not directly related to managing hepatitis B. Avoiding alcohol (Choice B) is important but more for liver health in general, not specifically for hepatitis B. Engaging in light exercise regularly (Choice C) may be beneficial for overall health, but during active hepatitis B infection, rest is more crucial.
A female middle adult client tells a nurse that she tested positive for a mutant BRCA1 gene. The nurse should recognize that the client is at an increased risk for which of the following situations?
- A. Developing breast cancer
- B. Developing ovarian cancer
- C. Developing uterine cancer
- D. Developing cervical cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Developing breast cancer. The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. The mutation affects the body's ability to repair damaged DNA, leading to a higher likelihood of developing breast cancer. This risk is significantly higher in women with the mutant BRCA1 gene compared to those without it. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the BRCA1 gene mutation is not specifically linked to an increased risk of ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancer. Therefore, the client should be counseled and monitored closely for early detection and prevention of breast cancer.
A nurse is instructing a client how to decrease the nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will eat food that are served at room temperature.
- B. I will eat food that is very hot.
- C. I will drink large amounts of fluids with meals.
- D. I will eat a large meal right before chemotherapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: "I will eat food that is served at room temperature."
Rationale: Eating foods at room temperature can help decrease nausea because hot foods may worsen nausea, while cold foods could cause stomach discomfort. Room temperature foods are generally easier on the stomach and may be better tolerated during chemotherapy and radiation. This choice demonstrates an understanding of how food temperature can impact nausea.
Summary of other choices:
B: Eating very hot food can actually worsen nausea.
C: Drinking large amounts of fluids with meals can dilute stomach acid and enzymes, potentially worsening nausea.
D: Eating a large meal right before chemotherapy can lead to increased nausea and discomfort.