Nokea
The nurse is educating an adolescent patient about Depo-Provera. Which statement should be included in this teaching session?
- A. You only need to come in every 5 months to get each injection.
- B. You may lose weight on this medication, so make sure to maintain a well-balanced diet.
- C. You may experience heavy bleeding or spotting monthly or none at all.
- D. You will not be able to start this medication until you have been pregnant at least once.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
1. Choice C is correct because it accurately informs the adolescent about the potential side effects of Depo-Provera, which include irregular bleeding patterns such as heavy bleeding or spotting, or even the absence of periods.
2. This information is crucial for the patient's understanding and preparedness while using the medication.
3. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because:
- Choice A is inaccurate as Depo-Provera injections are typically required every 3 months, not 5 months.
- Choice B is irrelevant to Depo-Provera as weight changes are not a common side effect of this medication.
- Choice D is false as pregnancy history does not determine eligibility for Depo-Provera use.
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A client at 12 weeks' gestation asks about the purpose of nuchal translucency testing. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. It screens for fetal anemia.
- B. It detects neural tube defects.
- C. It screens for chromosomal abnormalities.
- D. It confirms gestational age.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because nuchal translucency testing is primarily used to screen for chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, in the fetus. This test measures the thickness of the fluid-filled space at the back of the baby's neck. It is typically done between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. This testing helps to assess the risk of genetic conditions in the fetus. Option A is incorrect because nuchal translucency testing does not screen for fetal anemia. Option B is incorrect because it does not detect neural tube defects. Option D is incorrect because it does not confirm gestational age.
A patient has had four vaginal deliveries. What barrier contraceptive method’s efficacy is affected by this history?
- A. internal condom
- B. external condom
- C. cervical cap
- D. contraceptive gel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cervical cap. This barrier contraceptive method's efficacy is affected by the patient's history of four vaginal deliveries due to changes in the cervix and vaginal canal post-deliveries. The cervical cap relies on proper placement over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. However, after multiple vaginal deliveries, the cervix may become less firm and may have altered shape or size, leading to reduced effectiveness of the cervical cap.
A: Internal condom and B: external condom are not affected by the history of vaginal deliveries as they do not rely on cervical fit for efficacy.
D: Contraceptive gel is not directly affected by the number of vaginal deliveries as it is applied externally and does not rely on cervical anatomy for effectiveness.
Many teens wait until the second or even third trimester to seek prenatal care. The nurse should understand that the reasons behind this delay include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Continuing to deny the pregnancy
- B. Uncertainty about where to go for care
- C. Lack of realization that they are pregnant
- D. A desire to gain control over their situation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuing to deny the pregnancy. This is because some teens may struggle to come to terms with their pregnancy and deny it, leading to delays in seeking prenatal care. The other choices are incorrect. B: Uncertainty about where to go for care is not a common reason for delaying prenatal care as resources and information are usually available. C: Lack of realization that they are pregnant is unlikely as most teens eventually become aware of their pregnancy. D: A desire to gain control over their situation does not usually lead to delaying prenatal care as seeking care is a proactive step towards gaining control.
A postpartum client calls the pediatric clinic to report that her 4-day old female newborn has a spot of blood on her diaper. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Your newborn may have a urinary infection, continue to breastfeed frequently
- B. Your newborn has jaundice so it may need phototherapy
- C. This is a normal finding due to withdrawal of maternal hormones
- D. Your baby has an immature immune system, continue to breastfeed frequently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the spot of blood on the diaper of a 4-day old female newborn is a normal finding due to the withdrawal of maternal hormones. During pregnancy, the baby is exposed to maternal hormones, and after birth, the sudden decrease in these hormones can cause a temporary withdrawal bleeding. This is known as pseudomenstruation and is common in newborn girls. It is important for the nurse to reassure the mother that this is a normal and harmless occurrence.
Choice A is incorrect because urinary infection is not typically the cause of blood on the diaper in a newborn. Choice B is incorrect because jaundice does not typically present with blood in the diaper. Choice D is incorrect because while breastfeeding is important for the baby's immune system, it is not directly related to the presence of blood on the diaper in this case.
A nurse is completing a health history for a client who is at 6-week gestation. The client informs the nurse that she smokes one park of cigarettes per day. The nurse should advise the client that smoking places the client9s newborn at risk for what complication?
- A. Hearing loss
- B. Intrauterine growth restriction
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- D. Congenital heart defects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Smoking during pregnancy can restrict blood flow to the fetus, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrients, resulting in IUGR. This can lead to low birth weight and potential health complications for the newborn. Hearing loss (A) is not directly associated with smoking during pregnancy. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (C) is an autoimmune condition not caused by maternal smoking. Congenital heart defects (D) can be a risk with smoking during pregnancy, but the most direct risk is IUGR.