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A client is scheduled to have a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to treat coronary artery disease. What information about the balloon-tipped catheter would the nurse plan to include when providing client education concerning the procedure?
- A. A mesh-like device within the catheter will be inflated causing it to spring open.
- B. The catheter will be positioned in a coronary artery to take pressure measurements in the vessel.
- C. The catheter will be used to compress the plaque against the coronary blood vessel wall.
- D. The catheter will cut away the plaque from the coronary vessel wall using an embedded blade.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - The catheter will be used to compress the plaque against the coronary blood vessel wall.
Rationale: During a PTCA procedure, a balloon-tipped catheter is used to compress the plaque against the vessel wall, widening the artery lumen and improving blood flow. This process does not involve cutting away the plaque or taking pressure measurements. Option A is incorrect as the catheter does not spring open but rather compresses the plaque. Option B is incorrect as the catheter is not used for pressure measurements. Option D is incorrect as there is no embedded blade to cut away the plaque.
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A nurse in a clinic is caring for a female client who has a new diagnosis of acne vulgaris on her cheeks. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
- A. Use friction when washing the affected area.
- B. Use a new cosmetic pad with each limited application of makeup.
- C. Use an oil-based soap to wash affected areas daily.
- D. Express the larger comedones periodically.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a new cosmetic pad with each limited application of makeup. This is important to prevent the spread of bacteria and reduce the risk of exacerbating acne. Using a new pad each time helps to avoid introducing more bacteria to the skin. Choice A is incorrect because friction can irritate the skin and worsen acne. Choice C is incorrect as oil-based soap can clog pores and worsen acne. Choice D is incorrect because expressing comedones can lead to scarring and infection. It's crucial to provide accurate and evidence-based information to clients to promote effective management of their condition.
A client seeks medical attention for intermittent signs and symptoms that suggest a diagnosis of Raynaud’s disease. The nurse should assess the trigger of these signs/symptoms by asking which?
- A. Does drinking coffee or ingesting chocolate seem related to the episodes?
- B. Does being exposed to heat seem to cause the episodes?
- C. Do the signs and symptoms occur while you are asleep?
- D. Have you experienced any injuries that have limited your activity levels lately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Does drinking coffee or ingesting chocolate seem related to the episodes? This question is relevant because caffeine and chocolate are known triggers for Raynaud's disease due to their vasoconstrictive properties. By asking about these specific triggers, the nurse can gather important information to help identify potential causes of the client's symptoms.
Choice B is incorrect because exposure to heat typically alleviates symptoms of Raynaud's disease rather than causing them. Choice C is irrelevant as Raynaud's symptoms typically occur when the individual is exposed to cold or experiencing stress, not while asleep. Choice D is also incorrect as injuries limiting activity levels are not directly related to Raynaud's disease triggers.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who has deep partial- and full-thickness burns to his face, chest, abdomen, and upper arms. What is the nurse’s priority intervention for this client during the resuscitation phase of injury?
- A. Medicate for pain.
- B. Maintain the airway.
- C. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
- D. Initiate fluid resuscitation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain the airway. During the resuscitation phase of burn injuries, priority is given to ensuring airway patency to prevent respiratory distress and failure. Burns to the face, chest, and abdomen can lead to airway compromise due to swelling and damage. Maintaining the airway is crucial to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Pain management (choice A) is important but not the priority in this phase. Inserting a urinary catheter (choice C) is not a priority during the resuscitation phase. Initiating fluid resuscitation (choice D) is important but only after ensuring airway patency.
A nurse is caring for a client. Select the 5 findings that can cause delayed wound healing.
- A. Potassium level.
- B. Prealbumin level.
- C. History of diabetes mellitus.
- D. History of hyperlipidemia.
- E. Wound infection.
- F. Decreased pedal perfusion.
- G. Fasting blood glucose.
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F,G
Rationale: The correct answer choices (B, C, E, F, G) can cause delayed wound healing due to specific reasons.
B: Prealbumin level reflects protein status, crucial for wound healing.
C: Diabetes mellitus impairs circulation and immune response, affecting healing.
E: Wound infection introduces pathogens, prolonging inflammation and delaying healing.
F: Decreased pedal perfusion reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery to the wound site.
G: Elevated fasting blood glucose hinders immune cell function and collagen synthesis.
Incorrect choices (A, D) are not directly linked to wound healing delays. Potassium level (A) mainly affects cardiac and muscle function, and hyperlipidemia (D) primarily impacts cardiovascular health, not wound healing directly.
A nurse is preparing to administer ziprasidone 10 mg IM every 6 hr. Available is ziprasidone 20 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 0.5
Rationale: The correct answer is 0.5 mL. To calculate this, first determine the total dose needed per administration (10 mg). Then, divide the total dose by the concentration of the medication (20 mg/mL) to find the volume to administer per dose (10 mg ÷ 20 mg/mL = 0.5 mL). This ensures the patient receives the correct amount of medication. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately calculate the volume needed for the specified dose. For example, choosing a higher volume would result in overdosing the patient, while choosing a lower volume would underdose the patient. The correct calculation is essential to ensure the patient's safety and therapeutic effectiveness.