Nokea
A client is scheduled to receive methotrexate (Folex), 0.625 mg/kg P.O. daily, to treat malignant lymphoma. Before administering the drug, the nurse reviews the client's medication history. Which of the following drugs might interact with methotrexate?
- A. digoxin (Lanoxin)
- B. Probenecid (Benemid)
- C. theophylline (Slo-Phyllin)
- D. Famotidine (Pepcid)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Probenecid is a drug that can interact with methotrexate by inhibiting its renal tubular secretion, leading to increased methotrexate levels and potential toxicity. It is essential to monitor the client closely for signs of methotrexate toxicity if both drugs are being used concurrently. The other options, digoxin, theophylline, and famotidine, do not have significant interactions with methotrexate that would result in increased toxicity.
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Mr Santos is scheduled for CT SCAN for the next day, noon time. Which of the following is the correct preparation as instructed by the nurse?
- A. Shampoo hair thoroughly to remove oil and dirt
- B. No special preparation is needed. Instruct the patient to keep his head still and stead
- C. Give a cleansing enema and give fluids until 8 AM
- D. Shave scalp and securely attach electrodes to it
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct preparation for a CT scan, in this case, does not involve any special instructions such as shampooing hair, giving an enema, or shaving the scalp. The patient is simply instructed to keep their head still and steady during the scan. CT scans do not require any specific preparation unless explicitly stated by the healthcare provider conducting the test. It is important to follow the nurse's or healthcare provider's instructions carefully to ensure the best results from the CT scan.
A patient with a brain tumor is admitted to the medical unit to begin radiation treatments. Which nursing action should take priority?
- A. Pad the patient's side rails
- B. Teach the patient what to expect during
- C. Assess the patient's pain level radiation treatments
- D. Place the patient in isolation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient's pain level should take priority in this situation because pain management is crucial for the comfort and well-being of the patient with a brain tumor undergoing radiation treatments. Pain can affect the patient's overall quality of life and participation in treatment. By promptly assessing the patient's pain level, the nurse can determine the need for appropriate pain management interventions to ensure the patient's comfort and enhance treatment outcomes. It is important to address the patient's pain to provide holistic care and improve the patient's overall experience during the treatment process.
Why should the nurse wake up a client who is to undergo an EEG at midnight?
- A. Because excess sleep may make the client lazy and nervous for the EEG
- B. Because optimum sleep helps regulate the breathing patterns during the EEG
- C. Because it helps the client to fall asleep naturally during the EEG
- D. Because it reduces the chances of getting a headache when electrodes are fixed to the scalp of the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should wake up a client who is to undergo an EEG at midnight to ensure that the client receives optimum sleep before the procedure. Optimum sleep helps regulate the client's breathing patterns during the EEG, resulting in more accurate readings. Adequate rest is essential for brain activity monitoring to be as normal as possible. Waking the client at midnight allows for enough time for the client to fall back asleep before the EEG is conducted, ensuring the best possible conditions for the procedure.
What term describes irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation seen predominantly in newborns of African, Asian, Native American, or Hispanic descent?
- A. Acrocyanosis
- B. Erythema toxicum
- C. Mongolian spots
- D. Harlequin color changes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mongolian spots are irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation commonly seen in newborns of African, Asian, Native American, or Hispanic descent. They are flat, benign, and usually appear on the lower back or buttocks, but can also occur on other parts of the body. Mongolian spots are caused by pigment that is trapped deep in the layers of the skin and tend to fade over time, usually by the age of 5 or 6, although they may persist into adulthood in some cases. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of Mongolian spots to differentiate them from other skin conditions and provide reassurance to parents.
A client who suffered a vehicular accident a few days ago is in skeletal traction. Which nursing action would BESt promote INDEPENDENCE for this patient?
- A. tell the client to call for an analgesic before the pain felt becomes severe
- B. encourage the patient to do leg exercises within the limits of his traction
- C. provide an overhead trapeze for client use on the Balkan frame
- D. provide skin care to prevent skin breakdown
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the patient to do leg exercises within the limits of his skeletal traction is the best nursing action to promote independence for the client. By engaging in leg exercises, the patient can maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility, which can prevent complications such as muscle atrophy and joint stiffness. This activity empowers the client to actively participate in their own care and promotes a sense of independence and control over their health during a period of immobility. Additionally, it can help improve circulation and prevent complications related to immobility such as deep vein thrombosis.