Nokea
A client is to have a colostomy formed in the descending colon just below the splenic flexure. The nurse expects that the stoma will be positioned in which anatomic location?
- A. Right upper quadrant
- B. Right lower quadrant
- C. Left upper quadrant
- D. Left lower quadrant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The splenic flexure is on the left side near the spleen, and the descending colon is in the left upper quadrant.
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Which of the following is synthesized and stored in the liver cells?
- A. Galactose
- B. Lactose
- C. Glycogen
- D. Arabinose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycogen is synthesized and stored in the liver for energy reserve.
Which of the given enzymes is responsible for the digestion of milk protein?
- A. Erepsin
- B. Trypsin
- C. Pepsin
- D. Rennin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rennin is responsible for the digestion of milk protein. Rennin is present in the human body in its inactive form called prorenin. When we consume milk, it reacts with the hydrochloric acid present in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid activates the inert prorenin and converts it into active Rennin.
Which of the following parts of the alimentary canal bears villi?
- A. Stomach.
- B. Ileum.
- C. Oesophagus.
- D. Rectum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ileum, part of the small intestine, contains villi that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
Endothelial cells of liver sinusoids, the following is true except:
- A. Lie on a discontinuous basal lamina
- B. Separated from hepatocytes by space of Disse
- C. The underlying space of Disse contain red blood cells
- D. The fenestra on its surface are collected at areas called sieve plates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The space of Disse contains plasma and microvilli, not red blood cells, which remain in the sinusoidal lumen.
In a clinical research study on intestinal motility, a 24-year-old male graduate student is involved. The peristalsis of the small intestine:
- A. Aids in the mixing of the food bolus
- B. Is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS)
- C. Includes the contraction of circular smooth muscle both behind and in front of the food bolus
- D. Encompasses the contraction of circular smooth muscle behind the food bolus and the relaxation of circular smooth muscle in front of the bolus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis involves circular muscle contraction behind the bolus and relaxation ahead, propelling it forward.