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A client is to receive enoxaparin 30 mg subcutaneously. Available is enoxaparin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 0.8
Rationale: The correct answer is 0.8 mL. To determine this, divide the desired dose (30 mg) by the concentration (40 mg/mL) to get 0.75. Since we need to round to the nearest tenth, 0.75 rounds up to 0.8 mL. The other choices are incorrect because: A: 0.7 mL, B: 0.9 mL, C: 0.6 mL, D: 1.0 mL, E: 0.5 mL, F: 1.2 mL, G: 0.3 mL. These choices do not accurately reflect the calculated dose based on the given information.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?
- A. Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time
- B. Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion
- C. Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix in some ice cream for you
- D. Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Crushing enteric-coated aspirin can lead to stomachache or indigestion because the coating is designed to protect the stomach lining from irritation. By crushing it, the medication can be released too quickly, causing irritation. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on the timing of medication release rather than the potential harm of crushing it. Choice C is incorrect as adding ice cream does not address the issue of medication safety. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide a specific reason why crushing is unsafe.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking lisinopril (ACE inhibitor). Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?
- A. Improved sexual function
- B. Decreased blood pressure
- C. Increase of HDL cholesterol
- D. Prevention of bipolar manic episodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased blood pressure. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension by relaxing blood vessels, leading to decreased blood pressure. This outcome is a therapeutic effect because it helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Improved sexual function (A) is not a direct effect of lisinopril. Increase of HDL cholesterol (C) is not a primary effect of ACE inhibitors. Prevention of bipolar manic episodes (D) is unrelated to the mechanism of action of lisinopril.
A nurse is teaching a class about expected physiological changes in older adult clients. Which of the following changes should the nurse include?
- A. Increase in startle reflex
- B. Increase in muscle mass
- C. Decrease in body fat
- D. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase in startle reflex. As individuals age, their neurological system undergoes changes leading to increased sensitivity and exaggerated responses, including an increase in the startle reflex. This change is attributed to alterations in neurotransmitter levels and sensory processing.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Increase in muscle mass - Muscle mass typically decreases with age due to hormonal changes and decreased physical activity.
C: Decrease in body fat - Older adults tend to experience an increase in body fat and a decrease in muscle mass, contributing to changes in body composition.
D: Decrease in systolic blood pressure - While blood pressure tends to increase with age due to changes in blood vessel elasticity and hormonal changes, a decrease in systolic blood pressure is not a common expected physiological change in older adults.
A nurse is caring for a client who is on bedrest and is experiencing constipation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Place the client on a low-fiber diet
- B. Request a prescription for a mineral oil for the client
- C. Encourage the client to drink cold fluids
- D. Increase the client's fluid intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increase the client's fluid intake. This intervention helps prevent constipation by promoting hydration and softening stool. Adequate fluid intake aids in maintaining bowel motility and preventing hard stools. Low-fiber diet (A) can exacerbate constipation. Mineral oil (B) can lead to complications and should be avoided. Cold fluids (C) may cause discomfort and are not directly related to improving constipation. In summary, increasing fluid intake is the most appropriate intervention to address constipation in a client on bedrest.
A nurse is taking care of a patient that has a new prescription for labetalol (beta blocker). What adverse effect should the nurse include in the medication education?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Bleeding
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Seizures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bradycardia. Labetalol is a beta blocker that slows down the heart rate by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. This can lead to bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. The nurse should educate the patient about this potential adverse effect to prevent any complications.
Hypokalemia (choice A) is not a common adverse effect of labetalol. Bleeding (choice B) is not directly associated with beta blockers like labetalol. Seizures (choice D) are not a typical adverse effect of labetalol. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly correlates with the mechanism of action of labetalol.