Nokea
A client receiving chemotherapy with Methotrexate asks why Leucovorin is being given. Which of the following responses should the nurse use?
- A. Leucovorin reduces the risk of a transfusion reaction from Methotrexate.
- B. Leucovorin increases platelet production and prevents bleeding.
- C. Leucovorin potentiates the cytotoxic effects of Methotrexate.
- D. Leucovorin protects healthy cells from Methotrexate's toxic effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment.
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The client is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) for induction of labor. Which assessment finding will most likely result in the nurse stopping the infusion?
- A. Uterine contractions are continuous and sustained.
- B. The vaginal exam reveals that the client is entering transition.
- C. The client reports that the uterine contractions are strong in intensity.
- D. Uterine contractions occur every 2 to 3 minutes and last 40 to 60 seconds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client has a new prescription for Ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication one hour before chemotherapy.
- B. You may experience a headache while taking this medication.
- C. Increase your intake of potassium while taking this medication.
- D. This medication may cause temporary hearing loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include is that the client may experience a headache while taking Ondansetron. Headache is a common side effect of this medication, and clients need to be informed about this potential adverse reaction to enhance their understanding and management of side effects.
Individuals who are slow acetylators (i.e. have a relatively low activity of hepatic N-acetyltransferase):
- A. Have a prevalence of 15-20 per cent in European caucasians
- B. Are more likely to develop thrombocytopenia, nephrotic syndrome and rash during gold treatment
- C. Are more likely to develop hepatotoxicity following halothane anaesthesia
- D. Are more likely to develop antinuclear antibodies during hydralazine therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow acetylators have reduced hepatic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) activity, affecting metabolism of drugs like hydralazine, isoniazid, and procainamide. In European Caucasians, prevalence is actually 50-60%, not 15-20%, making that statement inaccurate. Gold treatment side effects like thrombocytopenia or nephrotic syndrome aren't strongly linked to acetylation status, but rather to immune responses, so that's less relevant. Halothane hepatotoxicity relates to immune-mediated reactions or metabolites, not acetylation speed. Hydralazine, metabolized by NAT2, accumulates in slow acetylators, increasing risk of drug-induced lupus with antinuclear antibodies (ANA), a well-documented association. Agranulocytosis with clozapine isn't tied to acetylation but to idiosyncratic reactions. The ANA risk with hydralazine is the most accurate, reflecting its pharmacogenetic implications, critical for personalized dosing and monitoring.
What is the correct definition of drug absorption?
- A. Movement of a drug from the site of administration to various tissues of the body
- B. Describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- C. These types of drugs can be taken over the counter
- D. This addresses how various drugs affect different forms of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A 44-year-old man who is a chronic smoker and takes bupropion takes 10 pills at once in an attempted suicide. Which of the following effects is possible as a result of this overdose?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Nervousness
- C. Seizures
- D. Sexual dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.