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A nurse provides teaching for a patient scheduled for genetic testing. What should the nurse do to help the patient understand what is being taught?
- A. Use simple vocabulary.
- B. Avoid the use of jargon.
- C. Speak slowly and clearly.
- D. Ask the patient to verbalize what was learned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to verbalize what was learned promotes active learning and helps assess the patient's understanding. It allows the nurse to clarify any misconceptions and reinforce important information. Choice A may be helpful but not sufficient. Choice B is important but may not fully address comprehension. Choice C focuses on communication style rather than assessing understanding.
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A nurse is educating a patient about ovulation tracking. What method should the nurse recommend?
- A. Using ovulation predictor kits to detect the LH surge.
- B. Tracking cervical mucus changes only after ovulation.
- C. Measuring basal body temperature in the evening.
- D. Testing progesterone levels daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Using ovulation predictor kits to detect the LH surge. This method is recommended because it directly detects the hormone surge that triggers ovulation, providing a reliable indication of the most fertile period for conception. Tracking cervical mucus changes only after ovulation (B) may not accurately predict the fertile window. Measuring basal body temperature in the evening (C) is less accurate than measuring it in the morning. Testing progesterone levels daily (D) is not a practical or necessary method for ovulation tracking.
A genetic counselor's report states, 'The genetic nomenclature for this fetus is 46, XX.' How should the nurse who reads this report interpret the cytogenetic results?
- A. The baby is female with a normal number of chromosomes.
- B. The baby is hermaphroditic male with female chromosomes.
- C. The baby is male with an undisclosed genetic anomaly.
- D. There is insufficient information to answer this question.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 46, XX indicates a genetically normal female.
A nurse is instructing a patient on the role of folic acid in preconception care. What is the correct explanation?
- A. Folic acid prevents iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.
- B. Folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.
- C. Folic acid is only necessary during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid enhances the absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because folic acid plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus during early pregnancy. Folic acid is essential for proper development of the neural tube, which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord. This is why it is particularly important during preconception care and in the early stages of pregnancy.
Choice A is incorrect because folic acid is not specifically for preventing iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as folic acid is important throughout pregnancy, not just in the first trimester. Choice D is incorrect because folic acid does not directly enhance the absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
A young couple is contemplating starting a family. Which is the best time for genetic counseling?
- A. Now, before they become pregnant
- B. As soon as they have a positive pregnancy test
- C. In the second trimester
- D. In the third trimester
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Now, before they become pregnant. This is the best time for genetic counseling because it allows the couple to understand their genetic risks, receive information on potential hereditary conditions, and make informed decisions before conception. Genetic counseling before pregnancy enables proactive planning and consideration of options such as genetic testing or alternative reproductive methods if necessary. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as genetic counseling is most effective and beneficial when done prior to conception to ensure optimal outcomes and informed decision-making.
What is the significance of a hysteroscopy in infertility evaluation?
- A. To measure hormone levels in the uterus.
- B. To visualize and treat abnormalities within the uterine cavity.
- C. To monitor egg development during ovulation induction.
- D. To assess ovarian reserve through imaging.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To visualize and treat abnormalities within the uterine cavity. A hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus using a thin, lighted tube. In infertility evaluation, it helps identify and treat issues such as polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or other abnormalities that may be interfering with implantation or causing recurrent miscarriages. It is crucial for improving fertility outcomes.
Choice A is incorrect because a hysteroscopy does not measure hormone levels in the uterus. Choice C is incorrect because monitoring egg development is typically done through ultrasound imaging, not hysteroscopy. Choice D is incorrect because assessing ovarian reserve is usually done through blood tests and ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries, not hysteroscopy.