Nokea
A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN is awaiting the next container. What fluid should the nurse infuse in the interim?
- A. Dextrose 5% in water
- B. 0.9% sodium chloride
- C. Dextrose 10% in water
- D. Lactated Ringer's solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 0.9% sodium chloride. When a client receiving TPN is awaiting the next container, infusing 0.9% sodium chloride is the appropriate choice to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dextrose solutions are not recommended as they do not provide sufficient nutrition. Lactated Ringer's solution contains electrolytes but lacks essential nutrients found in TPN, making it an inadequate choice during the delay in TPN delivery.
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A nurse is developing an education program for a community group about dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet. The nurse should include which of the following foods as sources of vitamin C? (Select the food that does not apply.)
- A. Green pepper
- B. Orange
- C. Cabbage
- D. Milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is E: Milk. Milk is not a significant source of vitamin C. Choices A, B, C, and D are all good sources of vitamin C. Green pepper, orange, cabbage, and strawberries contain vitamin C and can be included in the diet to meet the body's need for this essential vitamin. Milk, on the other hand, is not known for its vitamin C content, so it does not apply as a source of this particular vitamin.
A client with iron deficiency anemia is being taught about dietary recommendations by a nurse. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include as a food that enhances iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron?
- A. Tomato juice
- B. Tea
- C. Milk
- D. Dried Beans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tomato juice is the correct answer because it contains vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of nonheme iron. Vitamin C helps convert nonheme iron into a form that is easier for the body to absorb. Tea and milk should be avoided when consuming nonheme iron as they can inhibit iron absorption. Dried beans, although a good source of iron, do not enhance iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron.
A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
- B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
- C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
- D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.
A nurse is teaching a client who needs to increase their daily fluid intake. Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water by weight?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Milk
- C. Lettuce
- D. Honey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Lettuce. Lettuce has the highest percentage of water by weight among the options provided, making it an excellent choice to increase fluid intake. Yogurt and milk have some water content but are not as high in water percentage as lettuce. Honey, on the other hand, contains very little water and is not a good choice for increasing fluid intake.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about food choices with the mother of an 8-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will give my child strained carrots and mashed egg yolks.
- B. I will give my child rice cereal and crackers.
- C. I will give my child pureed liver and strained pears.
- D. I will give my child applesauce and green peas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B, 'I will give my child rice cereal and crackers,' indicates a need for further teaching. Infants should not be given crackers at 8 months of age due to the risk of choking. Rice cereal is appropriate for infants, but it should be introduced carefully to avoid digestive issues. Choices A, C, and D are appropriate food choices for an 8-month-old infant, providing a variety of nutrients and textures suitable for their age and developmental stage.