Nokea
A client recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is in the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse evaluates that the client practices good self-care when the client makes which statement?
- A. I always wear long sleeves, pants, and a hat when outdoors
- B. I try not to use concentrate that contains any type of sunblock
- C. Since I tend to sweat a lot, I use a lot of baby powder
- D. Since I can be exposed to the sun, I have been using a tanning bed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Good self-management of the skin in SLE includes protecting the skin from sun exposure, using sunblock, and avoiding drying agents such as powder and tanning beds.
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A client is scheduled to have a hip replacement. Preoperatively, the client is found to be mildly anemic and the surgeon states the client may need a blood transfusion during or after the surgery. What action by the preoperative nurse is most important?
- A. Administer preoperative medications as prescribed
- B. Ensure that a consent for transfusion is on the chart
- C. Teach the client about foods high in protein and iron
- D. Monitor the client's hemoglobin levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preoperative nurse should ensure that all valid consents are on the chart, including one for blood transfusions if this may be needed. This is critical for legal and ethical reasons.
The clinic nurse assesses a client with diabetes during a checkup. The client also has osteoarthritis (OA). The nurse notes the client's blood glucose readings have been elevated. What question by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Are you compliant with following the diabetic diet?
- B. Have you been taking glucosamine supplements?
- C. How much exercise do you really get each week?
- D. You're still taking your diabetic medication, right?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: All of the topics are appropriate for a client whose blood glucose readings have been higher than usual. However, since this client also has OA, and glucosamine can increase blood glucose levels, the nurse should ask about its use. The other questions all have an element of nontherapeutic communication in them.
A nurse is caring for a client with systemic sclerosis. The client's facial skin is very tight, limiting the ability to open the mouth. Besides a consultation with a registered dietitian for appropriate nutrition, what other consultation should the nurse facilitate?
- A. Dentist
- B. Massage therapist
- C. Occupational therapy
- D. Physical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: With limited ability to open the mouth, dental hygiene may be lacking. The nurse should encourage the client to see a dentist. The other referrals are not related to the mouth.
A client has a possible connective tissue disease and the nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory values. Which laboratory values and their related connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are correctly matched? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA): Normal value: no connective tissue disease
- B. Elevated sedimentation rate: Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Elevated albumin: Indicative only of rheumatoid deficit
- D. Positive human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27): Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis
- E. Positive rheumatoid factor: Possible kidney disease
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: The HLA-B27 is diagnostic for Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis. A positive rheumatoid factor can be seen in autoimmune CTDs, kidney and liver disease, or leukemia.
The nurse on an inpatient rheumatology unit receives a hand-off report on a client with an acute exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which reported laboratory value requires the nurse to assess the client further?
- A. Creatinine: 3.9 mg/dL
- B. Red blood cell count: 5.2 million/µL
- C. White blood cell count: 4000/µL
- D. Platelet count: 200,000/µL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lupus nephritis is the leading cause of death in clients with SLE. The creatinine level is very high and the nurse needs to perform further assessments related to this finding. The other laboratory values are normal.