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A client states, "I eat a well-balanced diet. I do not smoke. I exercise regularly, and I have a yearly checkup with my physician. What else can I do to help prevent cancer?"? The nurse should respond with which of the following statements?
- A. Sleep at least 6-8 hours per night.
- B. Practice monthly self-breast examinations.
- C. Reduce stress.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the choices are methods of preventing cancer. Sleep is important in maintaining homeostasis, which helps the body respond to disease. Monthly breast examination can indicate cancer or fibrocystic disease. Stress can have a physiological response that decreases the immune response and increases the risk of disease. Therefore, all the options mentioned are important for cancer prevention, making 'All of the above' the correct response.
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What is the primary theory that explains a family's concept of health and illness?
- A. Health Belief Model
- B. Education Factor
- C. Family Health Belief Model
- D. Family Dynamics Model
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Health Belief Model. The Health Belief Model is a widely recognized theory that explains individuals' perceptions and behaviors related to health and illness. It considers factors such as perceived susceptibility, severity of health issues, benefits of action, and barriers to taking action. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B, 'Education Factor,' is too general and does not specifically address a family's concept of health and illness. Choice C, 'Family Health Belief Model,' is a combination of terms and not a recognized theory. Choice D, 'Family Dynamics Model,' focuses on family interactions rather than explaining a family's concept of health and illness.
When assessing Mr. Lee's eye condition, what general information should the nurse seek?
- A. Type of employment.
- B. Burning or itchy sensation in the eyes.
- C. Position of the eyelids.
- D. Existence of floaters.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient's eye condition, the nurse should seek general information such as the type of employment, activities, allergies, medications, lenses, and protective devices used. This information helps in understanding potential exposures to irritants and risks related to activities. While the presence of burning or itchy sensation in the eyes, position of the eyelids, and existence of floaters are important aspects to assess during a focused eye examination, during the initial assessment, the type of employment is more relevant for understanding possible environmental factors affecting eye health.
Which of the following foods should be avoided by clients who are prone to developing heartburn as a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
- A. lettuce
- B. eggs
- C. chocolate
- D. butterscotch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is chocolate. Ingestion of chocolate can reduce lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, leading to reflux and clinical symptoms of GERD. Lettuce, eggs, and butterscotch do not affect LES pressure and are less likely to trigger heartburn in individuals with GERD. Therefore, clients who are prone to developing heartburn due to GERD should avoid consuming chocolate to manage their symptoms effectively.
A nurse is preparing a female client for a rectal examination. Into which position does the nurse assist the client?
- A. Supine
- B. Standing
- C. Lithotomy
- D. Left lateral
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a rectal examination in a female client, the nurse should assist the client into the left lateral position. This position allows easier access to the rectal area, facilitating the examination. The lithotomy position is used for examining the genitalia and rectum in females, not solely for a rectal examination. The standing position is not appropriate for a rectal examination as it does not provide the necessary access. The supine position would hinder the effectiveness of a rectal examination as it does not optimize access to the rectal area.
The greatest time savers when planning client care include all of the following except:
- A. reacting to the crisis of the moment
- B. setting goals
- C. planning
- D. specifying priorities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The greatest time-savers when planning client care are activities that facilitate focus and completion of priority items. Time-savers include setting goals, specifying priorities, planning tasks, delegating where appropriate, reassessment, and ongoing evaluation of needs. Reacting to the crisis of the moment is not a time-saving strategy in client care planning; it can lead to inefficiency, lack of focus, and potentially missing important priority items. Therefore, the correct answer is 'reacting to the crisis of the moment.' Choices B, C, and D are essential components for effective client care planning as they help in organizing and prioritizing tasks, setting objectives, and ensuring a structured approach to care delivery.