Nokea
A client states, 'I eat a well-balanced diet. I do not smoke. I exercise regularly, and I have a yearly checkup with my physician. What else can I do to help prevent cancer?' The nurse should respond with which of the following statements?
- A. Sleep at least 6-8 hours a night.
- B. Practice monthly self-breast examination.
- C. Reduce stress.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed actions—adequate sleep, self-breast exams, and stress reduction—contribute to cancer prevention by supporting immune function, early detection, and overall health. Health Promotion and Management
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A 35-year-old male has been an insulin-dependent diabetic for five years and now is unable to urinate.
Which of the following would you most likely suspect?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Diabetic neuropathy
- C. Autonomic neuropathy
- D. Somatic neuropathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy can impair bladder function, causing urinary retention in long-term diabetes.
The nurse is caring for a person who is admitted with progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). What nursing care measure should the nurse expect to be ordered for this client?
- A. Change dressing daily
- B. Monitor IV fluids
- C. Insert indwelling catheter
- D. Chest physical therapy (PT) qid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ALS causes respiratory muscle weakness; chest PT helps clear secretions, preventing pneumonia. Dressings, fluids, or catheters are not primary.
As a client progresses through pregnancy, she develops constipation. What is the primary cause of this problem during pregnancy?
- A. Decreased appetite
- B. Inadequate fluid intake
- C. Prolonged gastric emptying
- D. Reduced intestinal motility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During pregnancy, hormonal changes and mechanical pressure reduce motility in the small intestine, enhancing water absorption and promoting constipation. Although decreased appetite, inadequate fluid intake, and prolonged gastric emptying may contribute to constipation, they aren't the primary cause.
When teaching adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases, what should the nurse emphasize that is the most common infection?
- A. Gonorrhea
- B. Chlamydia
- C. Herpes
- D. HIV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlamydia. It has the highest incidence among sexually transmitted diseases, requiring emphasis on prevention.
Teaching the client with gonorrhea how to prevent reinfection and further spread is an example of:
- A. primary prevention.
- B. secondary prevention.
- C. tertiary prevention.
- D. primary health care prevention.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention targets the reduction of disease prevalence and disease morbidity through early diagnosis and treatment. Physiological Adaptation