Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Related

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A client takes prednisone (Deltasone), as prescribed, for rheumatoid arthritis. During follow-up visits, the nurse should assess the client for common adverse reactions to this drug, such as:

  • A. Tetany and tremors
  • B. Fluid retention and weight gain
  • C. Anorexia and weight loss
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prednisone, or Deltasone, is a corticosteroid medication commonly prescribed for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. One of the common adverse reactions to corticosteroids like prednisone is fluid retention and weight gain. This can occur due to the drug's effect on sodium and water retention in the body, leading to edema and increased body weight. Monitoring for signs of fluid retention, such as swelling in the extremities, and weight changes is important during follow-up visits to ensure the client's well-being and to address any concerns promptly. Tetany and tremors (choice A) are not typically associated with prednisone use, and anorexia and weight loss (choice C) are not common adverse reactions but rather less common side effects of prednisone.

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You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with

  • A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
  • B. children with an age of less than 3 year
  • C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
  • D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.

On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?

  • A. Radiation therapy
  • B. Chemotherapy
  • C. Major surgery
  • D. None
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of stage IV ovarian cancer, initial treatment typically involves major surgery, known as cytoreductive surgery or debulking surgery. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor burden as possible from the abdomen and pelvis. By reducing the size of the tumor, the effectiveness of subsequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be enhanced. Surgery may also involve the removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to further target any remaining cancer cells. However, major surgery is often the first step in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.

A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 U-100 regular insulin and 25 U of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. What is the most probable cause of these signs and symptoms?

  • A. Hyperglycemia
  • B. Hyperuricemia
  • C. Hypoglycemia
  • D. Hypochondria
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The signs and symptoms of headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness described in the client suggest hypoglycemia, which is caused by low blood sugar levels. Insulin is a medication used to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. In this case, the client has taken a combination of regular insulin and NPH insulin before breakfast, which could have led to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels by the afternoon causing the symptoms described. It is important to treat hypoglycemia promptly by giving the client a fast-acting carbohydrate source, such as glucose tablets or juice, to raise their blood sugar back to a safe level.

Tiffany is diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure (ICP); which of the following if stated by her parents would indicate a need for Nurse Charlie to reexplain the purpose for elevating the head of the bed at a 10 to 20-degree angle?

  • A. Help alleviate headache
  • B. Increase intrathoracic pressure
  • C. Maintain neutral position
  • D. Reduce intra-abdominal pressure.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed at a 10 to 20-degree angle helps to increase intrathoracic pressure. This increase in pressure can aid in promoting cerebrospinal fluid drainage and reducing intracranial pressure. It is important to maintain the correct angle to achieve the desired effect and avoid potential complications. If Tiffany's parents mention this as the reason for elevating the bed, Nurse Charlie should reexplain the purpose to ensure they understand the intended outcome.

Autism screening is recommended for all children at age of

  • A. 12 to 18 months
  • B. 18 to 24 months
  • C. 24 to 36 months
  • D. 36 to 48 months
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Autism screening is recommended between 18 and 24 months.

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