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A client visits a dental health care clinic for a tooth extraction. Which type of anesthesia would most likely be used?
- A. Regional anesthesia
- B. General anesthesia
- C. Topical anesthesia
- D. Local infiltration anesthesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Local infiltration anesthesia is often used for dental procedures. Regional anesthesia covers a larger area than that covered by local infiltration anesthesia, so it is not used for minor surgeries like that of a tooth extraction. General anesthesia is used to achieve a pain-free state for the entire body and is not the most appropriate type of anesthesia for a tooth extraction. Similarly, topical anesthesia is used to desensitize skin or mucous membranes for injection of a deeper local anesthetic.
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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client scheduled for surgery and notes that the client will be receiving general anesthesia. Which factor would the nurse identify as affecting the choice of general anesthesia medication used in a particular client? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's general physical condition
- B. Area of the planned surgery
- C. Anticipated length of the surgery
- D. Client's weight
- E. Client's temperature
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The choice of anesthetic drug depends on many factors, including general physical condition of the client, area, organ, or system being operated on; and anticipated length of the surgical procedure. The client's weight may affect the dose of the drug to be given. The client's temperature is unrelated to the choice of anesthetic.
After teaching a group of students about the stages of general anesthesia, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as characteristic of the first stage?
- A. Delirium
- B. Analgesia
- C. Respiratory paralysis
- D. Excitement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage I is characterized by analgesia; stage II is the stage of delirium and excitement, stage III is the stage of surgical analgesia; and stage IV is the stage of respiratory paralysis.
When reviewing information about general anesthetics, a group of students read about volatile liquids used as inhaled general anesthetics. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a volatile liquid? Select all that apply.
- A. Halothane
- B. Desflurane
- C. Nitrous oxide
- D. Enflurane
- E. Cyclopropane
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Halothane, desflurane, and enflurane are examples of volatile liquids used as inhaled anesthetics. Examples of gas anesthetics are nitrous oxide and cyclopropane.
A client scheduled for surgery has to undergo insertion of an endotracheal tube. The nurse understands that which of the following drugs for general anesthesia would most likely be ordered for this client?
- A. Benzodiazepines
- B. Barbiturates
- C. Opioid analgesics
- D. Skeletal muscle relaxants
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Skeletal muscle relaxants help produce relaxation of skeletal muscles during certain types of surgeries involving the chest or abdomen and are used to facilitate the insertion of an endotracheal tube. Barbiturates are used for the induction of anesthesia. Benzodiazepines are used to relieve anxiety, induce anesthesia, and consciously sedate the client before minor procedures. Opioid analgesics are used to produce neuroleptanalgesia characterized by general quietness, reduced motor activity, and profound analgesia.
A nurse working on the labor and delivery unit will most likely see which of the following used during the birthing process? Select all that apply.
- A. Epidural block
- B. Brachial plexus block
- C. Transsacral block
- D. Local infiltration anesthesia
- E. General anesthesia
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Epidural and transsacral blocks are often used in obstetrics during the birthing process.