Adult Medical Surgical ATI

Adult Medical Surgical ATI Related

Review Adult Medical Surgical ATI related questions and content

A client was exposed to anthrax. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse plan to administer?

  • A. Ciprofloxacin
  • B. Fluconazole
  • C. Tobramycin
  • D. Vancomycin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ciprofloxacin. Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and ciprofloxacin is the recommended antibiotic for treating anthrax due to its effectiveness against this specific bacterium. Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, thus stopping the growth and spread of the anthrax bacteria.

The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Fluconazole is an antifungal medication and is not effective against bacterial infections like anthrax.
C: Tobramycin is an antibiotic primarily used to treat bacterial infections in the eyes, ears, and skin, but it is not the first-line treatment for anthrax.
D: Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial infections, but it is not the preferred choice for anthrax treatment.

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What is the first sign that the condition of a dying client is worsening?

  • A. Pulmonary function impairment
  • B. Peripheral circulation changes
  • C. Central nervous system alterations
  • D. Failing cardiac function
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Central nervous system changes, such as confusion or lethargy, often indicate declining health in terminal stages.

Which combination of employees is best suited to fulfill this assignment?

  • A. ED physicians and charge nurses
  • B. Experienced RNs and experienced paramedics
  • C. RNs, LPN/LVNs, and nursing assistants
  • D. Atleast one representative from each group of ED personnel
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Including representatives from all groups ensures diverse perspectives and comprehensive solutions.

To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to

  • A. avoid crowds and obtain an annual influenza vaccination.
  • B. drink at least 2 L of fluids daily, including 8 to 10 glasses of water.
  • C. eat a potassium-rich, low-sodium diet.
  • D. practice good dental hygiene and report gum swelling or bleeding.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gum hyperplasia, so good dental hygiene is essential.

Exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by decreasing

  • A. The number of small blood vessels throughout the body
  • B. The heart rate and blood pressure
  • C. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood
  • D. The body’s breathing capacity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure. When we exercise, our heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to a lower resting heart rate and reduced blood pressure. This helps improve circulation and strengthens the cardiovascular system.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The number of small blood vessels throughout the body - Exercise actually promotes the growth of new blood vessels, improving circulation.
C: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood - Exercise can increase HDL levels, which is beneficial for heart health.
D: The body’s breathing capacity - Exercise can improve lung function and increase breathing capacity, but it is not directly related to circulation or cardiovascular fitness.

Which complications are related to anorexia nervosa?

  • A. Premature wrinkles
  • B. Vitamin excess
  • C. Stress fractures in spine or hip
  • D. Fluid overload
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe weight loss weakens bones, increasing the risk of stress fractures in weight-bearing areas like the spine and hips.

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