ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor Related

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A client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries is an example of what principle?

  • A. Fidelity
  • B. Autonomy
  • C. Justice
  • D. Non-maleficence
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomy. Autonomy in healthcare refers to respecting a patient's right to make decisions about their own care, even if those decisions may not align with healthcare providers' recommendations. In this scenario, the client's decision not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries demonstrates his autonomy in making choices about his own health. Choice A, Fidelity, refers to the concept of keeping promises and being faithful to commitments, which is not applicable in this situation. Choice C, Justice, involves fairness and equal treatment in healthcare, which is not the primary principle at play when a patient exercises autonomy. Choice D, Non-maleficence, relates to the principle of doing no harm, which is important but not directly relevant to the client's decision to refuse surgery.

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A nurse is assisting with a presentation at a community center about personal disaster preparedness. Which of the following strategies should the nurse recommend for preparing a home disaster supply kit?

  • A. Store enough water for 3 days
  • B. Maintain communication with family
  • C. Prepare only non-perishable food
  • D. Prepare multiple escape routes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Store enough water for 3 days.' When preparing a home disaster supply kit, it is crucial to include enough water to last at least 3 days. This is because clean drinking water may not be readily available during a disaster situation. Choice B, 'Maintain communication with family,' is important for coordination but not directly related to preparing a supply kit. Choice C, 'Prepare only non-perishable food,' is also important but does not address the specific recommendation for water. Choice D, 'Prepare multiple escape routes,' is crucial for evacuation planning but does not pertain to the contents of a home disaster supply kit.

A nurse is collecting data from a school-age child who has sustained a skull fracture. Which of the following is a manifestation of increased intracranial pressure?

  • A. Nausea
  • B. Confusion about own name
  • C. Rapid pulse
  • D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Confusion, especially about one's own name, is a sign of increased intracranial pressure and should be addressed. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, but confusion about personal information is a more specific and critical indication that requires immediate attention. Rapid pulse may be a possible response to increased intracranial pressure, but it is not as specific as confusion about own name in this scenario.

What is the priority when managing a client with a chest tube postoperatively?

  • A. Clamp the chest tube for 30 minutes every 4 hours
  • B. Check for air leaks and proper functioning of the chest tube
  • C. Encourage deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours
  • D. Encourage frequent coughing to clear secretions
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority when managing a client with a chest tube postoperatively is to check for air leaks and ensure the proper functioning of the chest tube. This is crucial to prevent complications such as pneumothorax or hemothorax. Clamping the chest tube intermittently can lead to a buildup of pressure in the pleural space and should not be done without a specific medical indication. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing helps with lung expansion but is not the priority over ensuring the chest tube's proper function. Encouraging frequent coughing may increase the risk of dislodging the chest tube or causing complications.

A client who is postoperative following a cholecystectomy has a urine output of 25 mL/hr. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

  • A. Abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder.
  • B. Absent bowel sounds.
  • C. Brown drainage on the surgical dressing.
  • D. Urine output of 25 mL/hr.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A urine output below 30 mL/hr indicates a potential complication, such as hypovolemia or renal impairment, and should be reported. Abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder can be common after a cholecystectomy due to referred pain from the diaphragm, whereas absent bowel sounds may be expected temporarily postoperatively. Brown drainage on the surgical dressing is typical in the early postoperative period and may represent old blood or other normal discharge.

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for an older adult client who has difficulty sleeping. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

  • A. Give a bedtime snack
  • B. Encourage a short nap in the afternoon
  • C. Encourage exercise right before bed
  • D. Establish a regular exercise routine 2 hours or more before bedtime
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Establishing a regular exercise routine at least 2 hours before bedtime promotes better sleep in older adults. Giving a bedtime snack (choice A) may disrupt sleep due to digestion, encouraging a short nap in the afternoon (choice B) can interfere with nighttime sleep, and encouraging exercise right before bed (choice C) can increase alertness and make it harder to fall asleep.

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