Nokea
A client who _____ diet requires _____ amounts of vitamin C.
- A. Follows a vegan diet
- B. Smokes cigarettes
- C. Follows a ketogenic diet
- D. Is lactose intolerant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients who smoke require more vitamin C due to increased oxidative stress and depletion of vitamin C. Smoking leads to higher levels of oxidative stress in the body, which in turn increases the utilization of vitamin C to counteract the damage caused by free radicals. Choices A, C, and D do not directly impact the body's need for vitamin C as smoking does.
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Patients with gallbladder disease should reduce their intake of:
- A. Protein
- B. Sodium
- C. Cholesterol
- D. Fat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with gallbladder disease should reduce their intake of fat because high-fat foods can trigger gallbladder symptoms such as pain and indigestion. While proteins, sodium, and cholesterol may also need to be moderated for overall health, reducing fat intake is particularly crucial for managing gallbladder issues.
The client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 is admitted to the hospital with cellulitis of the right foot secondary to an insect bite. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer intravenous antibiotics
- B. Apply warm moist packs every two hours
- C. Elevate the right foot on two pillows
- D. Teach the client about skin and foot care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering intravenous antibiotics is the priority intervention in this scenario. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent its spread and potential complications. While warm moist packs and elevation can be beneficial as adjunct measures, they are not the initial priority. Teaching about skin and foot care is important, but it can be addressed after stabilizing the acute condition with antibiotics.
Which nursing instruction should the nurse discuss with the client who is receiving glucocorticoids for Addison's disease?
- A. Discuss the importance of tapering medications when discontinuing medication
- B. Explain that the dose will need to be decreased during times of stress or infection
- C. Instruct the client to take medication on an empty stomach with a glass of water
- D. Encourage the client to wear a MedicAlert bracelet and carry a card in the wallet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tapering glucocorticoids is crucial to prevent adrenal insufficiency, which can occur if the medication is stopped abruptly. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to dose adjustments during stress or infection, not discontinuation. Choice C is incorrect because it does not specifically address the issue of stopping the medication. Choice D is not directly related to the management of glucocorticoid therapy for Addison's disease.
What intervention should the nurse implement for the client who has an ileal conduit?
- A. Pouch the stoma with a one-inch margin around the stoma
- B. Refer the client to the United Ostomy Association for discharge teaching
- C. Report to the healthcare provider any decrease in urinary output
- D. Monitor the stoma for signs and symptoms of infection every shift
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with an ileal conduit is to report any decrease in urinary output to the healthcare provider. Decreased urinary output in these clients may indicate a blockage or another complication, which requires immediate attention. Monitoring the stoma for signs of infection (Choice D) is important but not the priority when compared to a decrease in urinary output. Pouching the stoma with a one-inch margin around it (Choice A) is incorrect as it does not address the issue of decreased urinary output. Referring the client to the United Ostomy Association (Choice B) is not necessary in this immediate situation where a potential complication is suspected.
Which nutrient deficiency is most likely to be seen in patients with chronic alcoholism?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Vitamin B1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In patients with chronic alcoholism, the most likely nutrient deficiency is Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not Vitamin B12. Chronic alcoholism often leads to Vitamin B1 deficiency, causing conditions like Wernicke's encephalopathy. While other vitamin deficiencies can also occur in chronic alcoholism, such as Vitamin C and Vitamin D, Vitamin B1 deficiency is more commonly associated with alcoholism.