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A client who had a stroke resulting in aphasia and dysphagia needs assistance. Which of the following tasks should the nurse assign to an assistive personnel (AP)?
- A. Assist the client with a partial bed bath.
- B. Measure the client's BP after the nurse administers an antihypertensive medication.
- C. Test the client's swallowing ability by providing thickened liquids.
- D. Use a communication board to ask what the client wants for lunch.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assist the client with a partial bed bath. This task can be safely delegated to an assistive personnel (AP) because it does not require any specialized medical knowledge or skills. The AP can follow standard protocols and guidelines to assist the client with personal hygiene while ensuring safety and comfort.
Choice B is incorrect because measuring the client's BP after administering medication requires clinical judgment and knowledge to interpret the results. Choice C is incorrect as testing swallowing ability involves potential risks and requires specialized training to prevent aspiration. Choice D is incorrect as using a communication board involves understanding the client's needs and preferences, which may require communication skills and knowledge of aphasia management.
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A manager has a budget request deadline today at 3:00. He stops his work to answer the phone, check emails as they arrive, and speak with staff who stop by his office. As a result, he misses the deadline. What best describes the cause of missing his deadline?
- A. Goal setting
- B. Organization
- C. Time wasters
- D. Assertiveness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Time wasters. The manager missed the deadline due to distractions such as answering phone calls, checking emails, and engaging with staff, which are all considered time-wasting activities. These distractions prevented him from focusing on the task at hand, leading to missing the deadline. Goal setting (choice A) is about defining objectives, not the immediate cause of missing the deadline. Organization (choice B) refers to structuring tasks efficiently, which the manager failed to do. Assertiveness (choice D) relates to standing up for oneself and making decisions, not the primary reason for missing the deadline in this scenario.
Which of the following is used as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism?
- A. Involuntary absenteeism
- B. Voluntary absenteeism
- C. Total time lost
- D. Absence frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Absence frequency. This is because absence frequency provides a measure of how often employees are absent voluntarily, serving as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism. In contrast, A (Involuntary absenteeism) refers to absences that are beyond the employee's control, while B (Voluntary absenteeism) is the direct measure of voluntary absences. C (Total time lost) is a measure of the overall time lost due to both voluntary and involuntary absences, not specifically focusing on voluntary absenteeism.
The process by which registered nurses assess and judge the performance of peers against some predetermined standard is called:
- A. Group evaluation.
- B. Peer review.
- C. Forced distribution evaluation.
- D. Essay evaluation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peer review. Peer review involves registered nurses evaluating and judging the performance of their peers against predetermined standards. This process allows for feedback, improvement, and accountability within the nursing profession.
A: Group evaluation involves assessing the performance of a group as a whole, not individual peers.
C: Forced distribution evaluation is a performance appraisal method where ratings are distributed in a predetermined pattern, not specific to peer assessment.
D: Essay evaluation is a method of assessment based on written responses and does not specifically involve peer assessment.
In summary, peer review is the appropriate term for nurses assessing and judging their peers' performance against predetermined standards.
Which of the following theories best describes current health care delivery systems?
- A. Open system theory
- B. Closed system theory
- C. Chaos theory
- D. Contingency theory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Contingency theory. Contingency theory suggests that there is no one best way to organize and manage a healthcare system. It emphasizes that the effectiveness of a healthcare delivery system depends on various factors such as the environment, technology, and organizational structure. This theory acknowledges the complexity of healthcare systems and the need for flexibility and adaptation to changing circumstances.
A: Open system theory focuses on the system's interaction with its environment, but it does not specifically address the best way to organize and manage a healthcare system.
B: Closed system theory suggests that a system is self-contained and not influenced by external factors, which is not suitable for describing healthcare delivery systems.
C: Chaos theory emphasizes the unpredictability and complexity of systems, but it does not provide a framework for organizing and managing healthcare systems effectively.
When a patient who takes metformin (Glucophage) to manage type 2 diabetes develops an allergic rash from an unknown cause, the healthcare provider prescribes prednisone (Deltasone). The nurse will anticipate that the patient may
- A. require administration of insulin while taking prednisone
- B. develop acute hypoglycemia while taking prednisone
- C. require administration of insulin while taking prednisone
- D. have rashes caused by metformin-prednisone interactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (require administration of insulin while taking prednisone):
1. Prednisone can increase blood glucose levels by reducing insulin sensitivity.
2. Metformin alone may not control blood glucose levels adequately in the presence of prednisone.
3. Therefore, the patient may require insulin to manage blood glucose levels while on prednisone.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: This is incorrect because insulin administration is not necessary due to the rash or the interaction between metformin and prednisone.
B: This is incorrect because prednisone can actually increase blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia.
D: This is incorrect because the rash is not likely caused by an interaction between metformin and prednisone, but rather an allergic reaction to an unknown cause.