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A client who has a musculoskeletal problem is being discharged after a few days of hospital care. Why should the nurse consider factors related to the home environment while determining a plan for the continued rehabilitation of the client?
- A. To include additional care for clients who lack the basic amenities at home.
- B. To determine the client's access to the nearest drugstore.
- C. To modify the client's living arrangements or other accommodation changes.
- D. To determine if the client would continue with the self-care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the home environment ensures the client can continue their rehabilitation effectively.
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The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.
An elderly patient presents with a right-sided headache and acute loss of vision on the same side. Tenderness is noted to the right temporal region as well as to the scalp. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, the nurse practitioner will order:
- A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- B. C-reactive protein (CRP)
- C. Temporal artery biopsy
- D. CT scan of the head
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Temporal artery biopsy. This is the gold standard for diagnosing giant cell arteritis, which presents with symptoms such as headache, vision loss, and tenderness to the temporal region and scalp. The biopsy will show characteristic inflammatory changes in the artery wall.
A: ESR and B: CRP are nonspecific markers of inflammation and can be elevated in various conditions, including giant cell arteritis, but they do not provide a definitive diagnosis.
D: CT scan of the head may show signs of inflammation in the temporal artery, but it is less sensitive than a biopsy for diagnosing giant cell arteritis.
The nurse notes that a patient is not able to voluntarily move the right arm. Which part of the brain should the nurse suspect is affected in this patient?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Frontal lobe
- C. Parietal lobe
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal lobes contain the motor areas that generate the impulses that bring about voluntary movement. Each motor area controls movement on the opposite side of the body. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance, while the parietal lobe processes sensory information. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and is not directly involved in voluntary movement.
A drug is called an agonist if it ________.
- A. blocks a receptor
- B. interferes with neurotransmitter reuptake
- C. acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor
- D. blocks the voltage-gated calcium ion channel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an agonist mimics the action of the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor. This leads to activation of the receptor and physiological response. Choice A is incorrect as an agonist does not block a receptor. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a reuptake inhibitor, not an agonist. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a calcium channel blocker, not an agonist. In conclusion, an agonist activates a receptor by binding to it, unlike the other choices which describe different mechanisms of action.
A few weeks after the injury, the nurse notices that Joe seems to be pulling his legs away from her during the bath. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation of the patient's leg movement?
- A. He is embarrassed about having to be bathed
- B. Muscle spasms are beginning to occur
- C. Paralysis is diminishing due to reduction in edema
- D. He is adjusting negatively to his disability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Muscle spasms are common in spinal cord injury recovery.