Nokea
A client who has a musculoskeletal problem is being discharged after a few days of hospital care. Why should the nurse consider factors related to the home environment while determining a plan for the continued rehabilitation of the client?
- A. To include additional care for clients who lack the basic amenities at home.
- B. To determine the client's access to the nearest drugstore.
- C. To modify the client's living arrangements or other accommodation changes.
- D. To determine if the client would continue with the self-care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the home environment ensures the client can continue their rehabilitation effectively.
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A 25 year-old housewife presents to the urgent care clinic for evaluation of paralysis in her face on the right side. She has a history of an upper respiratory infection 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. She states that her face on the right is drooping and she is not able to close the right eye. On physical examination, you note that her forehead is smooth on the right, the left palpebral fissure appears wider than the right, and her nasolabial fold on the right is flattened and she is drooling. Based on this information, what is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Cortical stroke
- B. Bell's palsy
- C. Horner's syndrome
- D. Stress reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis due to inflammation or compression of the facial nerve (CN VII). It often follows a viral infection and presents with drooping of the face, inability to close the eye, and flattening of the nasolabial fold. A cortical stroke typically spares the forehead, and Horner's syndrome involves ptosis and miosis.
Babinsky response usually develops with damage in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper motor neuron is the correct answer because the Babinski sign is a pathological reflex indicative of damage to the corticospinal tract. It is characterized by the extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes upon stimulation of the sole, which is abnormal in adults and suggests a loss of inhibitory control from the brain.
One of the most important functions of the autonomic nervous system is the following:
- A. regulation of homeostasis
- B. voluntary movements
- C. coordination of movements
- D. involuntary movements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regulation of homeostasis is the correct answer because the autonomic nervous system controls vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation. These processes are essential for maintaining the body's internal balance and ensuring survival.
Regarding the cutaneous nerve supply to arm and forearm
- A. C3/4 supply pectoral and upper shoulder
- B. Branches of the brachial plexus supply arm and forearm
- C. C4/5/6/T1 supply the majority of the arm
- D. ?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The brachial plexus, formed from C5-T1, supplies the cutaneous innervation of the arm and forearm. Specific branches include the median, ulnar, and radial nerves.
The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.