Nokea
A client who has come to the clinic is diagnosed with endometriosis. What would the nurse expect the primary care provider to prescribe as a first-line treatment?
- A. Antiestrogens
- B. Progestins
- C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues
- D. NSAIDs
- G. B
Correct Answer: Progestins are first-line for endometriosis as they suppress endometrial tissue growth and reduce pain and bleeding. Antiestrogens and GnRH analogues are second-line due to severe side effects, and NSAIDs only provide symptomatic relief.
Rationale:
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A nurse is assessing a female client and suspects that the client may have endometrial polyps based on which clinical manifestation?
- A. Bleeding between menses
- B. Bleeding after intercourse
- C. Metrorrhagia
- D. Vaginal discharge
- G. C
Correct Answer: Metrorrhagia (irregular uterine bleeding) is a hallmark of endometrial polyps due to their disruption of the endometrium. Other symptoms are less specific.
Rationale:
A client is diagnosed with uterine fibroids. When reviewing the client's health history, the nurse would identify which finding is associated with the client's condition.
- A. Upper back pain
- B. Chronic pelvic pain
- C. Amenorrhea
- D. Diarrhea
- G. B
Correct Answer: Uterine fibroids cause chronic pelvic pain due to pressure on nerves and organs. Back pain, amenorrhea, and diarrhea are not typical symptoms.
Rationale:
To assist the woman in regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery, the nurse should teach the client to perform which action?
- A. Limit the intake of fluid.
- B. Void every hour while awake.
- C. Perform Kegel exercises daily.
- D. Take a laxative every night.
- G. C
Correct Answer: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles, improving urinary sphincter control. Limiting fluids risks dehydration, frequent voiding may irritate the bladder, and laxatives address constipation, not sphincter control.
Rationale:
A nurse is preparing a client for radiation treatment who is postoperative following a mastectomy. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects from the treatment?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anorexia
- C. Fatigue
- D. Alopecia
- G. C
Correct Answer: Fatigue is a common side effect of radiation due to damage to healthy cells. Diarrhea and anorexia are more associated with gastrointestinal or systemic treatments, and alopecia is typical with chemotherapy.
Rationale:
Which factors are the main causes of the high infant mortality rate? Select all that apply.
- A. Cardiac complications
- B. Necrotizing enterocolitis
- C. Viral infections
- D. Prematurity
- E. Sudden infant death syndrome
- F. Low birth weight
- G. B,D,E,F
Correct Answer: Prematurity (35%), low birth weight (25%), sudden infant death syndrome (15%), and necrotizing enterocolitis (10%) are major causes of infant mortality. Cardiac complications (5%) and viral infections (2%) are less significant.
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