Nokea
A client who has not been allowed to eat for several days is ordered to begin a full liquid diet. The nurse can encourage the client to begin eating using which of the following statements?
- A. Your stomach can expand as you eat'
- B. Your stomach has permanently shrunk'
- C. You don't need to eat yet'
- D. Liquids won't help your stomach'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The stomach's rugae allow it to expand with food intake, countering the client's concern.
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Which enzyme works in highly acidic pH
- A. Pepsin
- B. Lipase
- C. Erepsin
- D. Amylopsin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pepsin functions optimally in the highly acidic pH of the stomach (around 1.8-2).
How many nephrons are found in each kidney?
- A. approximately one hundred
- B. approximately one thousand
- C. approximately one million
- D. approximately ten million
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, the functional units for filtration.
The loop of Henle pumps sodium ions from the ascending arm to the descending. What is this called?
- A. Counter current subtractor
- B. Counter current divider
- C. Counter current concentrator
- D. Counter current multiplier
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle concentrates urine by moving sodium ions.
Fully digested food reaches to liver by
- A. Hepatic portal vein
- B. Hepatic artery
- C. Hepatic vein
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nutrients from digested food reach the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
If the sphincter at the top of the stomach is not working properly what do we suffer from?
- A. Heart burn
- B. Constipation
- C. Heart attack
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux, causing heartburn. Constipation, heart attacks, and diarrhea are unrelated to this sphincter.