Nokea
A client who is human immunodeficiency virus-positive has had a Mantoux skin test. The nurse notes a 7-mm area of induration at the site of the skin test. The nurse interprets the results as:
- A. Positive
- B. Negative
- C. Inconclusive
- D. Indicating the need for repeat testing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Positive. In individuals with HIV, a positive Mantoux test is considered when the induration is 5 mm or greater. A 7-mm area of induration indicates a positive result, suggesting an immune response to the tuberculin antigen, potentially due to latent tuberculosis infection. The other choices are incorrect because a 7-mm induration in an HIV-positive client is not considered negative, inconclusive, or indicative of the need for repeat testing based on current guidelines.
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A nurse in a family practice clinic is preparing discharge instructions for a client reporting facial pain that is worse when bending over tenderness across the cheeks and postnasal discharge. What instruction will be most helpful?
- A. Ice packs may help with the facial pain.
- B. Limit fluids to dry out your sinuses.
- C. Try warm, moist heat packs on your face.
- D. We will schedule a computed tomography scan this week.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Try warm, moist heat packs on your face. Warm, moist heat can help relieve facial pain and sinus pressure by promoting sinus drainage and reducing inflammation. Ice packs may not be as effective for this type of pain. Limiting fluids can worsen symptoms by drying out the sinuses. Scheduling a CT scan is not necessary at this point as the symptoms described are indicative of sinusitis, which can often be managed with conservative measures like warm compresses.
Vital capacity of lungs of an average human is
- A. 3000-4500 ml
- B. 1500-1800 ml
- C. 2000-2500 ml
- D. 500-1000 ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The vital capacity of lungs is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation. The average vital capacity for an adult human is typically between 3000-4500 ml. This range allows for efficient gas exchange in the lungs. Choice B (1500-1800 ml) and Choice C (2000-2500 ml) fall below the average vital capacity, indicating limited lung capacity. Choice D (500-1000 ml) is significantly low and would not support normal respiratory function. Therefore, Choice A (3000-4500 ml) is the correct answer as it aligns with the average vital capacity range for an average human.
What dietary recommendation is often given to heart failure patients to manage their condition?
- A. High-sodium diet
- B. Low-fat diet
- C. Low-sugar diet
- D. Low-sodium diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Low-sodium diet. Sodium can exacerbate fluid retention in heart failure patients, leading to increased workload on the heart. A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid retention and manage symptoms. High-sodium diet (A) is detrimental to heart failure patients. Low-fat diet (B) and low-sugar diet (C) may be beneficial for overall health but are not specific recommendations for managing heart failure.
A nurse is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
- A. Increased temperature
- B. Absent breath sounds
- C. Productive cough
- D. Incisional discomfort
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absent breath sounds. This finding could indicate a pneumothorax, a serious complication post lung biopsy requiring immediate intervention. Absent breath sounds suggest air accumulation in the pleural space, causing lung collapse. Prompt action is crucial to prevent respiratory distress. Increased temperature (A) may indicate infection but not as urgent as addressing a pneumothorax. Productive cough (C) is common post-procedure. Incisional discomfort (D) is expected and can be managed with appropriate pain relief measures.
The left lung has two lobes and they are separated by Deep fissure called .
- A. horizontal fissure
- B. oblique fissure
- C. Vertical fissure
- D. non of them
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oblique fissure. The left lung has two lobes, the upper lobe and the lower lobe, which are separated by the oblique fissure. This fissure extends obliquely downward and forward from the posterior border of the lung.
Rationale:
1. The horizontal fissure separates the right lung into upper and middle lobes, not the left lung.
2. There is no such structure as a vertical fissure in the human lung anatomy.
3. "Non of them" is grammatically incorrect and does not provide a valid option.