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A client who is immobilized secondary to traction is complaining of constipation. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to be ordered?
- A. Advil
- B. Anasaid
- C. Clinocil
- D. Colace
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Colace. Colace is a stool softener that helps relieve constipation by drawing more water into the bowel, making the stool softer and easier to pass. This is beneficial for an immobilized client as it can help prevent constipation due to decreased mobility. Options A, B, and C (Advil, Anasaid, Clinocil) are not indicated for constipation relief. Advil and Anasaid are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for pain relief, while Clinocil is a fictional medication.
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If Ms. Barrett's distance vision is 20/30, which of the following statements is true?
- A. The client can read from 20' what a person with normal vision can read at 30'.
- B. The client can read from 30' what a person with normal vision can read at 20'.
- C. The client can read the entire chart from 30'.
- D. The client can read the chart from 20' with the left eye and from 30' with the right eye.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When Ms. Barrett's distance vision is measured as 20/30, it means that she can read from 20 feet away what a person with normal vision can read at 30 feet. The numerator (20) represents the distance in feet between the chart and the client, while the denominator (30) indicates the distance at which a normal eye can read the chart. In this case, Ms. Barrett's vision is slightly worse than normal, as she needs to be closer to the chart to read it clearly. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: Choice B reverses the distances, Choice C assumes the client can read the entire chart from 30 feet, and Choice D introduces information not related to the 20/30 measurement.
What type of immunity do vaccines provide?
- A. active
- B. passive
- C. transplacental
- D. active and passive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaccines provide active immunity by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens. Choice B, passive immunity, is acquired from ready-made antibodies, not through vaccination. Choice C, transplacental immunity, is a form of passive immunity transferred from mother to infant, not acquired through vaccines. Therefore, the correct answer is active immunity.
A nurse assisting with data collection is preparing to assess the optic nerve. The nurse performs this examination by using which technique?
- A. Assessing visual acuity
- B. Inspecting the eyelids for ptosis
- C. Assessing pupil constriction
- D. Assessing ocular movements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct technique to assess the optic nerve is by testing visual acuity and visual fields through confrontation. Visual acuity involves assessing the clarity of vision, which directly correlates with the function of the optic nerve. Inspecting the eyelids for ptosis is unrelated to optic nerve assessment. Assessing pupil constriction is more related to the assessment of cranial nerves controlling eye movements, particularly the oculomotor nerve. Assessing ocular movements is related to testing the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves, not specifically the optic nerve.
Regarding maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, a concern is that:
- A. a segment of the population is not receiving prenatal care.
- B. families may not prioritize quality health care.
- C. there might be an increase in the shortage of personnel in the maternity field.
- D. maternal-child health workers may lack adequate preparation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is that a segment of the population is not receiving prenatal care. This is a significant concern as lack of access to prenatal care can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the infant. Choice B is incorrect as it generalizes families as unconcerned, which may not be the case for all families. Choice C is also incorrect as there is no evidence or indication in the prompt to suggest an increase in the shortage of personnel. Choice D is not directly related to the concern mentioned in the prompt, which specifically focuses on the lack of prenatal care.
When transferring a client with hemiparesis from a bed to a wheelchair, which safety measure should be implemented?
- A. Standing the client and walking them to the wheelchair
- B. Moving the wheelchair close to the client's bed and standing and pivoting the client on their unaffected extremity to the wheelchair
- C. Moving the wheelchair close to the client's bed and standing and pivoting the client on their affected extremity to the wheelchair
- D. Having the client stand and push their body to the wheelchair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When transferring a client with hemiparesis from a bed to a wheelchair, it is crucial to ensure their safety. The correct safety measure is to move the wheelchair close to the client's bed and have the client stand and pivot on their unaffected extremity to the wheelchair. This method provides support with the unaffected limb, reducing the risk of falls or injuries. Choice A is incorrect as it suggests walking the client, which may not be safe or feasible. Choice C is incorrect because pivoting on the affected extremity can increase the risk of injury. Choice D is incorrect as it does not consider the client's limitations and safety needs, as it involves pushing their body which may not be possible with hemiparesis.