Nokea
A client who is newly diagnosed with emphysema is being prepared for discharge. Which instruction is best for the nurse to provide the client to assist them with dyspnea self-management?
- A. Allow additional time to complete physical activities to reduce oxygen demand
- B. Practice inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips
- C. Use a humidifier to increase home air quality humidity between 30-50%
- D. Strengthen abdominal muscles by alternating leg raises during exhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygenation and reduce dyspnea in clients with emphysema.
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Proteins found in muscle fibres include:
- A. Vimentin
- B. Saccharin
- C. Keratin
- D. Desmin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Desmin: Desmin is an intermediate filament protein found in muscle fibers, playing a critical role in maintaining structural integrity and organization within muscle cells.
Depending on the frequency and severity of hypercyanotic attacks in tetralogy of Fallot, all the following procedures are true EXCEPT
- A. placement of the infant in the knee-chest position
- B. administration of oxygen
- C. injection of morphine subcutaneously
- D. rapid correction with intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is not typically used for hypercyanotic attacks.
Urinary tract infection:
- A. Usually leads to vesico-ureteric reflux
- B. Is more common in boys than girls under a year of age
- C. In boys,is most commonly caused by Proteus mirabilis
- D. Is associated with constipation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often associated with constipation in children, as stool retention can increase the risk of bacterial colonization in the urinary tract.
What is one of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Congenital heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood loss is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children. Sepsis causes septic shock, which is overwhelming sepsis and circulating bacterial toxins. Anaphylactic shock results from extreme allergy or hypersensitivity to a foreign substance. Congenital heart disease contributes to hypervolemia, not hypovolemia.
Complement C3 levels are decreased in:
- A. Systemic lupus erythematoses
- B. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
- C. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- D. Type II membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased C3 levels are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus due to immune complex deposition and complement consumption.