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A client who is taking Bufferin Arthritis Strength caplets develops prolonged bleeding from a superficial skin injury on the forearm. The nurse should tell the client to do which of the following first?
- A. Place the forearm under a running stream of lukewarm water.
- B. Pat the injury with a dry washcloth.
- C. Wrap the entire forearm from the wrist to the elbow.
- D. Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bufferin (aspirin) impairs platelet function, prolonging bleeding. The first action is to apply pressure by wrapping the forearm to control bleeding. Running water or patting may not provide sufficient pressure, and ice is a secondary measure after bleeding is controlled.
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A client on hemodialysis reports fatigue. The nurse should assess for:
- A. Anemia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Dehydration.
- D. Infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anemia is common in renal failure due to decreased erythropoietin.
A client has been in the position shown in the figure for surgery. The nurse should document that the client has been in which of the following positions?
- A. Reverse Trendelenburg.
- B. Low Fowler’s.
- C. High lithotomy.
- D. Prone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client is in the lithotomy position. The reverse Trendelenburg position is when the client is lying supine with the head lower than the rest of the body. A low Fowler’s position is when the client is sitting up at a 30- to 45-degree angle. The prone position is when the client is lying face down.
Which assessment is critical for a client with a recent stroke?
- A. Swallowing ability.
- B. Blood glucose.
- C. Cholesterol levels.
- D. Joint mobility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing swallowing ability is critical to prevent aspiration in stroke patients.
Before undergoing a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the client asks the nurse how the surgeon will close the incision made in the dura. The nurse should respond based on the knowledge that:
- A. Dissolvable sutures are used to close the dura.
- B. Nasal packing provides pressure until normal wound healing occurs.
- C. A patch is made with a piece of fascia.
- D. A synthetic mesh is placed to facilitate healing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fascial patch is commonly used to repair the dura during transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to prevent CSF leaks.
In which areas of the United States is the incidence of tuberculosis highest?
- A. Rural farming areas.
- B. Inner-city areas.
- C. Areas where clean water standards are low.
- D. Suburban areas with significant industrial pollution.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inner-city areas have higher tuberculosis incidence due to crowding, poverty, and limited healthcare access. Rural, low-water-standard, and suburban areas have lower rates.