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A client with a history of a stroke is being discharged. The nurse should teach the client to:
- A. Avoid all physical activity
- B. Use assistive devices as needed
- C. Limit social interactions
- D. Eat a high-sodium diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assistive devices (e.g., cane, walker) promote safety and mobility post-stroke. Physical activity is encouraged, social interactions are beneficial, and sodium should be limited.
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The client with hyperemesis gravidarum is at risk for developing:
- A. Respiratory alkalosis without dehydration
- B. Metabolic acidosis with dehydration
- C. Respiratory acidosis without dehydration
- D. Metabolic alkalosis with dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperemesis gravidarum causes prolonged vomiting leading to dehydration and loss of stomach acid resulting in metabolic acidosis. The dehydration exacerbates the acid-base imbalance.
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis who is receiving methotrexate. Which laboratory value would be most concerning?
- A. WBC 4,000/mm3
- B. Platelet count 150,000/mm3
- C. Hemoglobin 13 g/dL
- D. Serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methotrexate can cause bone marrow suppression. A WBC of 4,000/mm3 (A) indicates leukopenia, increasing infection risk, and is most concerning. Platelets (B), hemoglobin (C), and creatinine (D) are within normal limits.
A client with a history of a kidney stone is being discharged. The nurse should teach the client to:
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Avoid dairy products
- C. Limit protein intake
- D. Take vitamin C supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake prevents kidney stone recurrence by diluting urine and flushing crystals. Dairy, protein, and vitamin C restrictions depend on stone type but are secondary.
The client is prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid) for hypothyroidism. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication at bedtime.'
- B. Report palpitations or chest pain.'
- C. Increase dietary fiber to prevent constipation.'
- D. Take the medication with meals.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine can cause cardiac side effects like palpitations or chest pain, which should be reported. It is taken in the morning, fiber is not directly related, and food reduces absorption.
The nurse is teaching a client with a history of kidney stones about dietary modifications. The nurse should tell the client to:
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Avoid all calcium
- C. Consume high-oxalate foods
- D. Reduce protein intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake dilutes urine, reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.