Pharmacology HESI

Pharmacology HESI Related

Review Pharmacology HESI related questions and content

A client with a history of chronic heart failure is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone). Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the medication teaching?

  • A. I will avoid potassium-rich foods.
  • B. I will not use a salt substitute.
  • C. I will monitor my weight daily.
  • D. I will increase my fluid intake as prescribed.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is 'I will avoid potassium-rich foods.' Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which can lead to hyperkalemia if potassium intake is not regulated. Therefore, avoiding potassium-rich foods is crucial to prevent this complication. Using a salt substitute can also increase potassium levels. Monitoring weight daily is essential in heart failure management, but it is not specific to spironolactone. Increasing fluid intake as prescribed is generally recommended for heart failure management but is not directly related to spironolactone use.

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Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?

  • A. Tinnitus
  • B. Diarrhea
  • C. Constipation
  • D. Decreased respirations
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinnitus. Salicylic acid can lead to systemic toxicity, known as salicylism, which may manifest with symptoms like tinnitus, dizziness, hyperventilation, and mental disturbances. Tinnitus is a common early sign of salicylism and should be monitored closely by the nurse to prevent further complications.

When a client taking warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is prescribed ciprofloxacin (Cipro), the nurse should closely monitor the client for which potential effect of this drug interaction?

  • A. Increased risk of bleeding
  • B. Decreased warfarin effectiveness
  • C. Increased risk of thrombosis
  • D. Decreased ciprofloxacin effectiveness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is given with warfarin sodium (Coumadin), it can potentiate the effects of warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the client's INR levels and watch for signs of bleeding such as bruising, petechiae, or black tarry stools.

The healthcare provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the client with a partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative bacteria. The nurse is reinforcing information to the client about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about the treatment?

  • A. The medication is an antibacterial.
  • B. The medication will help heal the burn.
  • C. The medication will permanently stain my skin.
  • D. The medication should be applied directly to the wound.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Cycloserine (Seromycin) is added to the medication regimen for a client with tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the client-teaching plan regarding this medication?

  • A. To take the medication after meals
  • B. To return to the clinic weekly for serum drug-level testing
  • C. To call the health care provider (HCP) if a skin rash occurs
  • D. To restrict alcohol intake with this medication
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching about the use of metoprolol (Lopressor)?

  • A. I will not stop taking the medication abruptly.
  • B. I will take my pulse before taking the medication.
  • C. I will take the medication with food.
  • D. I will take the medication at bedtime.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because taking metoprolol (Lopressor) at bedtime is not specifically recommended. Metoprolol should be taken with food to enhance absorption. It is crucial for the client not to stop taking the medication abruptly to prevent rebound hypertension or other adverse effects. Additionally, monitoring the pulse before taking metoprolol is important for assessing its effect on heart rate.

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