Nokea
A client with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed calcium carbonate (Tums). The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Take the medication between meals.
- B. Take the medication with meals.
- C. Avoid taking the medication with dairy products.
- D. Stop the medication if constipation occurs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium carbonate should be taken with meals to bind phosphate in the gut, managing hyperphosphatemia in kidney disease.
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The mother of a newborn is concerned about the number of persons with heart disease in her family. She asks the nurse when she should start her baby on a low fat, low cholesterol diet to lower the risk of heart disease, the nurse should tell her to start diet modifications:
- A. At birth.
- B. At age 2.
- C. At age 5.
- D. At age 10.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diet modifications for heart disease prevention, such as low-fat, low-cholesterol diets, are generally recommended to begin at age 2, when children transition to a more varied diet.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected pulmonary edema. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
- A. Crackles in the lung bases.
- B. Bradypnea.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Dry cough.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crackles in the lung bases indicate fluid accumulation in pulmonary edema.
A client is receiving chemotherapy and reports nausea. The nurse should administer which of the following medications as prescribed?
- A. Ondansetron (Zofran).
- B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
- C. Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- D. Ibuprofen (Advil).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ondansetron is an antiemetic commonly used to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea.
A client who has been taking diazepam (Valium) for 3 months for skeletal muscle spasms and the patient was a secret agent to the medication and the medication days ago because it was no longer helping him, but now he feels terrible. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Insomnia.
- B. Euphoria.
- C. Bradycardia.
- D. Diaphoresis.
- E. Tremor.
- F. Vomiting.
Correct Answer: A, D, E, F
Rationale: Abrupt cessation of diazepam can cause withdrawal symptoms like insomnia, diaphoresis, tremor, and vomiting.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Which expected manifestation should the nurse assess the client for?
- A. Bilateral palpable masses
- B. Pain in the breast and edema
- C. A fixed, irregularly shaped mass
- D. A round-shaped mass that is moveable
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast usually presents as a fixed, irregularly shaped mass. The mass is usually single and unilateral and is painless, nontender, and hard to the touch.