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A client with a history of HSV-2 infection asks the nurse about future sexual activity. Which response would be appropriate?
- A. Use a condom during sexual activity if the infection becomes active again.
- B. If the infection has healed, you probably don't have to use a condom.
- C. Inform all potential sexual partners about the infection, even if it is inactive.
- D. Refrain from all sexual activity until you don't have another outbreak for a year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should advise the client to inform all potential sexual partners of the HSV infection even if it is in an inactive state. The nurse should also advise the client to use a condom during sexual activity even if the disease is dormant and to avoid sexual contact if the infection is active. Condoms do not protect skin and mucous membranes left exposed.
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The nurse is giving a presentation about chlamydia to a group of adult women. Which female client should the nurse use as an example of an individual for whom annual screening is recommended?
- A. 43-year-old client who practices consistent condom use
- B. 32-year old client with one long-term, exclusive sex partner
- C. 23-year-old client who is not sexually active
- D. 18-year old client who is pregnant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The US Preventive Services Task Force (2021) recommends annual screening for chlamydia for all pregnant and nonpregnant sexually active women younger than 24 years. It is not recommended to conduct screening for the client who practices condom use and the client with one long-term, exclusive sex partner, as they are both over 24 years old. The 23-year-old client is not sexually active and therefore does not require an annual screening.
An instructor is teaching a group of students about the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI's) and those that must be reported by law. The instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state that which STI must be reported?
- A. Genital herpes
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. Syphilis
- D. Condylomata acuminata
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The law mandates reporting of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, and HIV/Aids, hepatitis B, and Zika virus. Genital herpes, venereal warts (condylomata acuminata), granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum are not reportable by law.
During a sexual history, the client states that having had multiple sex partners. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. You are putting yourself at risk when you have multiple sex partners.
- B. The chance of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease increases with multiple sex partners.
- C. It is hard to find a good partner these days.
- D. What do you do to prevent sexually transmitted infections?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must obtain the client's feedback in a nonjudgmental way to open communication. When communication is open, the nurse has the best potential to provide nursing instruction and emphasize key points. Being judgmental or introducing the nurse's opinion does not promote therapeutic communication.
The nurse is addressing a multidisciplinary panel stating the need for continued education on sexually transmitted infections (STI). One of the points is the fact that the statistics of infection are underreported. Which is the main reason that statistics are underreported?
- A. Clients do not often seek treatment for STIs.
- B. Only certain STIs are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- C. Poor communication is suffered between their physician offices and reporting agency.
- D. Reporting physicians are afraid of being sued for a breach in confidentiality.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is most correct to state that only certain sexually transmitted infections are mandated to be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, thus providing incomplete data. Most clients with an infection report for treatment to a physician's office, clinic, or emergency department. Although communication between government agencies and local offices can always be improved, mandated reporting is specific to the information needed. There is no breach in confidentiality.
A client requesting a chlamydia test asks why it is necessary to receive a test for gonorrhea and syphilis at the same time. Which response from the nurse is the correct explanation?
- A. The symptoms of these diseases are the same, and culture tests alone can determine the disease that has infected the client.
- B. The infecting bacterium in all cases is the same, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- C. The infections spread through the same medium, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- D. It is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is common practice to test clients for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV because it is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one STI. For chlamydia, the causative microorganism is a bacterium named Chlamydia trachomatis. For gonorrhea, the infection is caused by a bacterium named Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The spirochete Treponema pallidum is the causative microorganism of syphilis. The symptoms of these conditions are not identical. The causative microorganisms do not spread through the same medium.