Nokea
A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease is prescribed ranitidine (Zantac). The nurse should explain that this medication works by:
- A. Neutralizing gastric acid.
- B. Reducing gastric acid secretion.
- C. Coating the stomach lining.
- D. Increasing gastric motility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ranitidine, an H2-receptor blocker, reduces gastric acid secretion, helping to heal peptic ulcers.
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The nurse is preparing a presentation on nutrition to a group of pregnant adolescents. Which of the following would be important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
- A. Spinach is an excellent source of calcium in the diet.
- B. Two to four servings of whole-grain products is recommended.
- C. Three or more servings of dairy products meet the calcium requirement.
- D. Vitamin A supplements may be necessary for clients who are vegetarian.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three or more servings of dairy products provide adequate calcium, essential for fetal development and maternal bone health during pregnancy.
The nurse is assessing a newborn 24 hours after birth. Which finding requires immediate reporting?
- A. Milia on the nose
- B. Mongolian spots on the back
- C. Caput succedaneum
- D. Yellowing of the skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Yellowing of the skin within 24 hours suggests pathological jaundice, requiring immediate evaluation to prevent complications like kernicterus.
A primiparous client who is breast-feeding develops endometritis on the third postpartum day. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the mother?
- A. The neonate will need to be bottle-fed for the next few days.
- B. The condition typically is treated with I.V. antibiotic therapy.
- C. The client's uterus may become 'boggy,' requiring frequent massage and oxytocics.
- D. The client needs to remain in bed in a side-lying position as much as possible.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometritis is typically treated with I.V. antibiotics to address the infection.
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypokalemia.
- B. Hypernatremia.
- C. Hypophosphatemia.
- D. Hypermagnesemia.
- E. Hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause hypokalemia (insulin shifts potassium) and hypophosphatemia (osmotic diuresis).
You assess your family as having a deficit in terms of their instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs). Which healthcare professional would you most likely refer this family to in order to address this deficit?
- A. A social worker
- B. A physical therapist
- C. An occupational therapist
- D. A speech therapist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Occupational therapists specialize in helping individuals improve their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., managing finances, cooking), making them the most appropriate referral for this deficit.